The first direct double neutron star merger detection: Implications for cosmic nucleosynthesis

Rosswog, Stephan K.; Sollerman, Jesper; Feindt, Ulrich; Goobar, Ariel; Korobkin, Oleg; Wollaeger, Ryan Thomas; Fremling, Cristoffer; Kasliwal, Mansi

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732117

Title: The first direct double neutron star merger detection: Implications for cosmic nucleosynthesis

Journal Article · Thu Jul 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Astronomy and Astrophysics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732117· OSTI ID:1481133

Rosswog, Stephan K. ^[1]; Sollerman, Jesper ^[1]; Feindt, Ulrich ^[2]; Goobar, Ariel ^[2];

^[3];

^[3]; Fremling, Cristoffer ^[4]; Kasliwal, Mansi ^[4]

Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Oskar Klein Centre, Dept. of Astronomy
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Oskar Klein Centre, Dept. of Physics
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy

Context. The astrophysical r-process site where about half of the elements, heavier than iron are produced, has been a puzzle for several decades. Here we discuss the role of one of the leading ideas – neutron star mergers (NSMs) – in the light of the first direct detection of such an event in both gravitational (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) waves. Aims. Our aim is to understand the implications of the first GW/EM observations of a NSM for cosmic nucleosynthesis. Methods. We analyse bolometric and NIR lightcurves of the first detected double NSM and compare them to nuclear reaction network-based macronova models. Results. The slope of the bolometric lightcurve is consistent with the radioactive decay of neutron star ejecta with Ye ≲ 0.3 (but not larger), which provides strong evidence for an r-process origin of the electromagnetic emission. This rules out in particular “nickel winds” as major source of the emission. We find that the NIR lightcurves can be well fitted either with or without lanthanide-rich ejecta. Here, our limits on the ejecta mass together with estimated rates directly confirm earlier purely theoretical or indirect observational conclusions that double neutron star mergers are indeed a major site of cosmic nucleosynthesis. If the ejecta mass was typical, NSMs can easily produce all of the estimated Galactic r-process matter, and – depending on the real rate – potentially even more. This could be a hint that the event ejected a particularly large amount of mass, maybe due to a substantial difference between the component masses. This would be compatible with the mass limits obtained from the GW-observation. Conclusions. The recent observations suggests that NSMs are responsible for a broad range of r-process nuclei and that they are at least a major, but likely the dominant r-process site in the Universe.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1481133

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-30747

Journal Information:: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 615; ISSN 0004-6361

Publisher:: EDP SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 114 works

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An r-Process Kilonova Associated with the Short-Hard GRB 130603B Berger, E.; Fong, W.; Chornock, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1306.3960	text	January 2013
Massive double compact object mergers: gravitational wave sources and r-process-element production sites Mennekens, N.; Vanbeveren, D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1307.0959	text	January 2013
The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants - I. The impact of r-process nucleosynthesis Rosswog, S.; Korobkin, O.; Arcones, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1307.2939	text	January 2013
Implications of PSR J0737-3039B for the Galactic NS-NS Binary Merger Rate Kim, Chunglee; Perera, Benetge Bhakthi Pranama; McLaughlin, Maura A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1308.4676	text	January 2013
Europium production: neutron star mergers versus core-collapse supernovae Matteucci, F.; Romano, D.; Arcones, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1311.6980	text	January 2013
MODA: a new algorithm to compute optical depths in multi-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations Perego, A.; Gafton, E.; Cabezon, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1403.1297	text	January 2014
Neutrino-driven winds from neutron star merger remnants Perego, Albino; Rosswog, Stephan; Cabezon, Ruben arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1405.6730	text	January 2014
Comprehensive nucleosynthesis analysis for ejecta of compact binary mergers Just, Oliver; Bauswein, Andreas; Pulpillo, Ricard Ardevol arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1406.2687	text	January 2014
Nucleosynthesis constraints on the neutron star-black hole merger rate Bauswein, Andreas; Pulpillo, Ricard Ardevol; Janka, H. -Thomas arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1408.1783	text	January 2014
Outflows from accretion disks formed in neutron star mergers: effect of black hole spin Fernández, Rodrigo; Kasen, Daniel; Metzger, Brian D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1409.4426	text	January 2014
Neutrino-driven winds in the aftermath of a neutron star merger: nucleosynthesis and electromagnetic transients Martin, Dirk; Perego, Albino; Arcones, Almudena arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1506.05048	text	January 2015
Short-lived $^{244}$Pu Points to Compact Binary Mergers as Sites for Heavy r-process Nucleosynthesis Hotokezaka, Kenta; Piran, Tsvi; Paul, Michael arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.00711	text	January 2015
An Open Catalog for Supernova Data Guillochon, James; Parrent, Jerod; Kelley, Luke Zoltan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1605.01054	text	January 2016
Radioactivity and thermalization in the ejecta of compact object mergers and their impact on kilonova light curves Barnes, Jennifer; Kasen, Daniel; Wu, Meng-Ru arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1605.07218	text	January 2016
r-process Production Sites as inferred from Eu Abundances in Dwarf Galaxies Beniamini, Paz; Hotokezaka, Kenta; Piran, Tsvi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.08650	text	January 2016
Detectability of compact binary merger macronovae Rosswog, S.; Feindt, U.; Korobkin, O. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.09822	text	January 2016
An R-process enhanced star in the dwarf galaxy Tucana III Hansen, T. T.; Simon, J. D.; Marshall, J. L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.07430	text	January 2017
Neutron Star Mergers and Nucleosynthesis of Heavy Elements Thielemann, F. -K.; Eichler, M.; Panov, I. V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.02142	text	January 2017
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. V. Rising X-ray Emission from an Off-Axis Jet Margutti, Raffaella; Berger, E.; Fong, W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05431	text	January 2017
Illuminating Gravitational Waves: A Concordant Picture of Photons from a Neutron Star Merger Kasliwal, M. M.; Nakar, E.; Singer, L. P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05436	text	January 2017
The environment of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 Levan, A. J.; Lyman, J. D.; Tanvir, N. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05444	text	January 2017
An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi-GBM Detection of GRB 170817A Goldstein, A.; Veres, P.; Burns, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05446	text	January 2017
Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the Optical Counterpart to a Gravitational Wave Source Coulter, D. A.; Foley, R. J.; Kilpatrick, C. D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05452	text	January 2017
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. IV. Detection of Near-infrared Signatures of r-process Nucleosynthesis with Gemini-South Chornock, R.; Berger, E.; Kasen, D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05454	text	January 2017
Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers from a gravitational wave event Kasen, Daniel; Metzger, Brian; Barnes, Jennifer arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05463	text	January 2017
GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral Collaboration, The LIGO Scientific; Collaboration, The Virgo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05832	text	January 2017
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-IR Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Berger, E.; Villar, V. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05840	text	January 2017
A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source Smartt, S. J.; Chen, T. -W.; Jerkstrand, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05841	text	January 2017
Optical emission from a kilonova following a gravitational-wave-detected neutron-star merger Arcavi, Iair; Hosseinzadeh, Griffin; Howell, D. Andrew arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05843	text	January 2017
Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron star merger Pian, E.; D'Avanzo, P.; Benetti, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05858	text	January 2017
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The Progenitors of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts Lee, William H.; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0701874	text	January 2007
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Hyper-accreting black holes Beloborodov, Andrei M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0810.2690	text	January 2008
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Es war einmal... Gefunden im "Zivilschutz" Nr. 7-8/79 vom August 1979 : Die Gemeinde - Basis eines glaubwürdigen Zivilschutzes Erwin, Freiburghaus, Vogt-Schild AG https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-369138	text	January 1999

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Gravity and Light: Combining Gravitational Wave and Electromagnetic Observations in the 2020s Foley, R. J.; Alexander, K. D.; Andreoni, I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.04553	preprint	January 2019
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Figures / Tables (9)

JHK-band observations (https://kilonova.space/kne/GW170817/). The detailed ejecta model parameters are shown at the top of each panel. The left panel uses heating according to the FRDM nuclear mass model, for the right panel a DZ-type heating rate has been employed (see Sec. 3 in the main text for a discussion)." data-ostiid="1481133">

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
gravitational waves
nucleosynthesis
astrochemistry
neutron stars
mergers
r-process
dense matter
radiation mechanisms
nuclear reactions
nucleosynthesis
abundances