The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models

Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Berger, E.; Villar, V. A.; Nicholl, M.; Blanchard, P. K.; Alexander, K. D.; Metzger, B. D.; Chornock, R.; Fong, W.; Margutti, R.; Soares-Santos, M.; Allam, S.; Annis, J.; Diehl, H. T.; Brout, D.; Brown, D. A.; Butler, R. E.; Chen, H. -Y.; Doctor, Z.; Drout, M. R.; others, and

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/AA8FC7

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models

Journal Article · 20 October 2017 · Astrophysical Journal Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/AA8FC7· OSTI ID:22872526

Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Berger, E.; Villar, V. A.; Nicholl, M.; Blanchard, P. K.; Alexander, K. D. ^[1]; Metzger, B. D. ^[2]; Chornock, R. ^[3]; Fong, W.; Margutti, R. ^[4]; Soares-Santos, M. ^[5]; Allam, S.; Annis, J.; Diehl, H. T. ^[6]; Brout, D. ^[7]; Brown, D. A. ^[8]; Butler, R. E. ^[9]; Chen, H. -Y. ^[10]; Doctor, Z. ^[11]; Drout, M. R. ^[12] more »

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (United States)
Department of Physics and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 (United States)
Astrophysical Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 251B Clippinger Lab, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 (United States)
CIERA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States)
Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454 (United States)
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 (United States)
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (United States)
Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13224 (United States)
Department of Astronomy, Indiana University, 727 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405 (United States)
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 (United States)
Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 (United States)
The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101 (United States)

We present UV, optical, and near-infrared (NIR) photometry of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source from Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo, the binary neutron star merger GW170817. Our data set extends from the discovery of the optical counterpart at 0.47–18.5 days post-merger, and includes observations with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), Gemini-South/FLAMINGOS-2 (GS/F2), and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The spectral energy distribution (SED) inferred from this photometry at 0.6 days is well described by a blackbody model with T≈8300 K, a radius of R≈4.5×10{sup 14} cm (corresponding to an expansion velocity of v≈0.3c), and a bolometric luminosity of L{sub bol}≈5×10{sup 41} erg s{sup −1}. At 1.5 days we find a multi-component SED across the optical and NIR, and subsequently we observe rapid fading in the UV and blue optical bands and significant reddening of the optical/NIR colors. Modeling the entire data set, we find that models with heating from radioactive decay of {sup 56}Ni, or those with only a single component of opacity from r-process elements, fail to capture the rapid optical decline and red optical/NIR colors. Instead, models with two components consistent with lanthanide-poor and lanthanide-rich ejecta provide a good fit to the data; the resulting “blue” component has M{sub ej}{sup blue}≈0.01 M{sub ⊙} and v{sub ej}{sup blue}≈0.3 c, and the “red” component has M{sub ej}{sup red}≈0.04 M{sub ⊙} and v{sub ej}{sup red}≈0.1 c. These ejecta masses are broadly consistent with the estimated r-process production rate required to explain the Milky Way r-process abundances, providing the first evidence that binary neutron star (BNS) mergers can be a dominant site of r-process enrichment.

OSTI ID:: 22872526

Journal Information:: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 848, Issue 2; Other Information: Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 2041-8205

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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The Palomar Transient Factory Sky2Night programme No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz241		January 2019
Optimizing multitelescope observations of gravitational-wave counterparts No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2485		September 2019
possis: predicting spectra, light curves, and polarization for multidimensional models of supernovae and kilonovae No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2495		September 2019
Probing the extragalactic fast transient sky at minute time-scales with DECam No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3381		December 2019
Testing the cosmic distance-duality relation from future gravitational wave standard sirens No authors listed Physical Review D https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.99.083523		April 2019
Neutron stars in frames of R2-gravity and gravitational waves No authors listed International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics https://doi.org/10.1142/s021988781950004x		January 2019
GROWTH on S190425z: Searching Thousands of Square Degrees to Identify an Optical or Infrared Counterpart to a Binary Neutron Star Merger with the Zwicky Transient Facility and Palomar Gattini-IR No authors listed Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2019-04288		January 2019
Kinematics of Highly r -process-enhanced Field Stars: Evidence for an Accretion Origin and Detection of Several Groups from Disrupted Satellites No authors listed The Astronomical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aadd9c		October 2018
Background-limited Imaging in the Near Infrared with Warm InGaAs Sensors: Applications for Time-domain Astronomy No authors listed The Astronomical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aae094		January 2019
Subsequent Nonthermal Emission Due to the Kilonova Ejecta in GW170817 No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa3f5		January 2018
An Empirical Study of Contamination in Deep, Rapid, and Wide-field Optical Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Events No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabad9		April 2018
Kilonova Emission from Black Hole–Neutron Star Mergers: Observational Signatures of Anisotropic Mass Ejection No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae093		October 2018
From γ to Radio: The Electromagnetic Counterpart of GW170817 No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae205		October 2018
New Thermonuclear ¹⁰ B( α , p ) ¹³ C Rate and Its Astrophysical Implication in the νp -process No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae479		November 2018
Radioactive Gamma-Ray Emissions from Neutron Star Mergers No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf961		February 2019
Radioactive Heating and Late Time Kilonova Light Curves No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab06c2		May 2019
On Neutron Star Mergers as the Source of r -process-enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Milky Way No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1341		April 2019
When Did the Remnant of GW170817 Collapse to a Black Hole? No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab16da		May 2019
Late-time Kilonova Light Curves and Implications to GW170817 No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1f71		June 2019
The Lanthanide Fraction Distribution in Metal-poor Stars: A Test of Neutron Star Mergers as the Dominant r -process Site No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3291		August 2019
Double Neutron Star Mergers from Hierarchical Triple-star Systems No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3b06		September 2019
Enrichment of Strontium in Dwarf Galaxies No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4654		October 2019
Search for Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4b48		November 2019
AT 2017gfo: An Anisotropic and Three-component Kilonova Counterpart of GW170817 No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9ab9		November 2017
GW170817: Joint Constraint on the Neutron Star Equation of State from Multimessenger Observations No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaa402		January 2018
How Special Is GRB 170817A? No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaa66c		January 2018
Brightening X-Ray/Optical/Radio Emission of GW170817/SGRB 170817A: Evidence for an Electron–Positron Wind from the Central Engine? No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aab7f9		March 2018
GW170817 Most Likely Made a Black Hole No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aac3d6		May 2018
Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Observations of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad281		July 2018
Fading of the X-Ray Afterglow of Neutron Star Merger GW170817/GRB 170817A at 260 Days No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad32d		July 2018
A Strong Jet Signature in the Late-time Light Curve of GW170817 No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaeda7		November 2018
Constraining Collapsar r -process Models through Stellar Abundances No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab2049		May 2019
Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred from the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3800		September 2019
Can Kilonova Light Curves Be Standardized? No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab543f		November 2019
Presto-Color: A Photometric Survey Cadence for Explosive Physics and Fast Transients No authors listed Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ab121a		April 2019
The impact of electron-capture supernovae on merging double neutron stars No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2848		October 2018
Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9455		October 2017
Expected neutrino fluence from short Gamma-Ray Burst 170817A and off-axis angle constraints No authors listed Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2018-01274		January 2018
Mass Ejection from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Viscous-radiation Hydrodynamics Study No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabafd		June 2018
Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts, and Nucleosynthesis No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf054		December 2018
LSST Target-of-opportunity Observations of Gravitational-wave Events: Essential and Efficient No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab07b6		March 2019
The First Hours of the GW170817 Kilonova and the Importance of Early Optical and Ultraviolet Observations for Constraining Emission Models No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aab267		March 2018
Interpreting GRB170817A as a giant flare from a jet-less double neutron star merger No authors listed Astronomy & Astrophysics https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732259		November 2018
r -process nucleosynthesis: connecting rare-isotope beam facilities with the cosmos No authors listed Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab0849		July 2019
Using excitation-energy dependent fission yields to identify key fissioning nuclei in r -process nucleosynthesis No authors listed Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab0bea		April 2019
From the microscopic to the macroscopic world: from nucleons to neutron stars No authors listed Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab29b3		August 2019
Spectral classification of gravitational-wave emission and equation of state constraints in binary neutron star mergers No authors listed Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab2b90		September 2019
Long-lived remnants from binary neutron star mergers No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2531		September 2018
Expected neutrino fluence from short Gamma-Ray Burst 170817A and off-axis angle constraints No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty285		February 2018
Merging black holes in young star clusters No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1453		May 2019
An unusual transient following the short GRB 071227 No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2040		July 2019
Beyond second-order convergence in simulations of magnetized binary neutron stars with realistic microphysics No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2809		October 2019
Serendipitous discoveries of kilonovae in the LSST main survey: maximizing detections of sub-threshold gravitational wave events No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz506		February 2019
Jet launching from binary black hole-neutron star mergers: Dependence on black hole spin, binary mass ratio, and magnetic field orientation No authors listed Physical Review D https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.98.123017		December 2018
Model comparison from LIGO-Virgo data on GW170817's binary components and consequences for the merger remnant No authors listed Bristol : IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.15488/11395		January 2020
The Merger of Two Compact Stars: A Tool for Dense Matter Nuclear Physics No authors listed Universe https://doi.org/10.3390/universe4030050		March 2018
Physical Conditions for the r -process. I. Radioactive Energy Sources of Kilonovae No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae0f2		November 2018
GW170817: The Energy Extraction Process of the Off-axis Relativistic Outflow and the Constraint on the Equation of State of Neutron Stars No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1914		May 2019
Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab38bb		September 2019
Can Neutron-star Mergers Explain the r -process Enrichment in Globular Clusters? No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab498b		November 2019
Fast Radio Bursts from Magnetars Born in Binary Neutron Star Mergers and Accretion Induced Collapse No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4c31		November 2019
On the Observability of Individual Population III Stars and Their Stellar-mass Black Hole Accretion Disks through Cluster Caustic Transits No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aaa760		February 2018
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. III. Optical and UV Spectra of a Blue Kilonova from Fast Polar Ejecta No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9029		October 2017
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. IV. Detection of Near-infrared Signatures of r -process Nucleosynthesis with Gemini-South No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa905c		October 2017
GROWTH on S190510g: DECam Observation Planning and Follow-up of a Distant Binary Neutron Star Merger Candidate No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3399		August 2019
Estimating the contribution of dynamical ejecta in the kilonova associated with GW170817 No authors listed IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-147235		January 2017
The X-shooter GRB afterglow legacy sample (XS-GRB) No authors listed Astronomy & Astrophysics https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832835		March 2019
Default Parallels: The Science Potential of JWST Parallel Observations during TSO Primary Observations No authors listed Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ab3356		October 2019
Imprints of r-process heating on fall-back accretion: distinguishing black hole–neutron star from double neutron star mergers No authors listed Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz644		March 2019
Precision Mass Measurements on Neutron-Rich Rare-Earth Isotopes at JYFLTRAP: Reduced Neutron Pairing and Implications for r -Process Calculations No authors listed Physical Review Letters https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.120.262701		June 2018
Search for Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo No authors listed Bristol : IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.15488/11726		January 2019
Numerical Simulations of the Jet Dynamics and Synchrotron Radiation of Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817/GRB 170817A No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aacf9c		August 2018
Neutron Star Mergers Might Not Be the Only Source of r -process Elements in the Milky Way No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab10db		April 2019
A Rapidly Declining Transient Discovered with the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab425c		October 2019
The Combined Ultraviolet, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves of the Kilonova Associated with the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817: Unified Data Set, Analytic Models, and Physical Implications No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9c84		December 2017
Improved Constraints on H ₀ from a Combined Analysis of Gravitational-wave and Electromagnetic Emission from GW170817 No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaa009		December 2017
An Upper Limit on the Linear Polarization Fraction of the GW170817 Radio Continuum No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aacdfd		July 2018
Radiative Transfer Simulation for the Optical and Near-infrared Electromagnetic Counterparts to GW170817 No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aade02		September 2018
SN2018kzr: A Rapidly Declining Transient from the Destruction of a White Dwarf No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab4dae		October 2019
SuperBol: A User-friendly Python Routine for Bolometric Light Curves No authors listed Research Notes of the AAS https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/aaf799		October 2018
Nonthermal afterglow of the binary neutron star merger GW170817: A more natural modeling of electron energy distribution leads to a qualitatively different new solution No authors listed Astronomische Nachrichten https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201913591		January 2019
The first direct double neutron star merger detection: Implications for cosmic nucleosynthesis No authors listed Astronomy & Astrophysics https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732117		July 2018
On-axis view of GRB 170817A No authors listed Astronomy & Astrophysics https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935831		July 2019
Properties of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 No authors listed College Park, MD : American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.15488/11396		January 2019
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. III. Optical and UV Spectra of a Blue Kilonova from Fast Polar Ejecta No authors listed The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries https://doi.org/10.17615/1cf1-3d15		January 2017
Optimal Search Strategy for Finding Transients in Large-sky Error Regions under Realistic Constraints No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab165a		May 2019
Two Years of Nonthermal Emission from the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817: Rapid Fading of the Jet Afterglow and First Constraints on the Kilonova Fastest Ejecta No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab5226		November 2019
On the rate and on the gravitational wave emission of short and long GRBs No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1602.03545		January 2016
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. IV. Detection of Near-infrared Signatures of r-process Nucleosynthesis with Gemini-South No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05454		January 2017
Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers from a gravitational wave event No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05463		January 2017
Scattered Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational Waves and Implications of GW170817 and GRB 170817A No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.00243		January 2017
A long-lived remnant neutron star after GW170817 inferred from its associated kilonova No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.01898		January 2017
Mass Ejection from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Viscous-Radiation Hydrodynamics Study No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.02093		January 2017
Brightening X-ray Emission from GW170817/GRB170817A: Further Evidence for an Outflow No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.02809		January 2017
A magnetar origin for the kilonova ejecta in GW170817 No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.04286		January 2018
Precision mass measurements on neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes at JYFLTRAP - reduced neutron pairing and implications for the $r$-process calculations No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.08940		January 2018
Continued Brightening of the Afterglow of GW170817/GRB 170817A as due to a Delayed Energy Injection No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.10397		January 2018
A turnover in the radio light curve of GW170817 No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.06853		January 2018
The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J09544277+5246414, the Most Actinide-Enhanced R-II Star Known No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.11925		January 2018
Physical conditions for the r-process I. radioactive energy sources of kilonovae No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.03763		January 2018
Distinguishing the nature of comparable-mass neutron star binary systems with multimessenger observations: GW170817 case study No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.03836		January 2018
Numerical Relativity of Compact Binaries in the 21st Century No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.06011		January 2018
Using excitation-energy dependent fission yields to identify key fissioning nuclei in r-process nucleosynthesis No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.08133		January 2018
Multimessenger Parameter Estimation of GW170817 No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.12917		January 2018
Serendipitous Discoveries of Kilonovae in the LSST Main Survey: Maximising Detections of Sub-Threshold Gravitational Wave Events No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.10492		January 2018
GW170817$-$the first observed neutron star merger and its kilonova: implications for the astrophysical site of the r-process No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.09044		January 2019
Extended calculations of energy levels and transition rates of Nd II-IV ions for application to neutron star mergers No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.10671		January 2019
2900 square degree search for the optical counterpart of short gamma-ray burst GRB 180523B with the Zwicky Transient Facility No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.11385		January 2019
Late time kilonova light curves and implications to GW 170817 No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.01197		January 2019
Actinide-rich and Actinide-poor $r$-Process Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars do not Require Separate $r$-Process Progenitors No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.02139		January 2019
Short GRB 160821B: a reverse shock, a refreshed shock, and a well-sampled kilonova No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.02159		January 2019
A Pulsar Wind Nebula Embedded in the Kilonova AT2017gfo Associated with GW 170817/GRB 170817A No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.04670		January 2019
Galactic r-process abundance feature shaped by radial migration No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.08275		January 2019
The host galaxies of double compact objects across cosmic time No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.01072		January 2019
Plerion model of the X-ray plateau in short gamma-ray bursts No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.02877		January 2019
Beyond second-order convergence in simulations of magnetised binary neutron stars with realistic microphysics No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.10328		January 2019
A rapidly declining transient discovered with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.03191		January 2019
Enabling real-time multi-messenger astrophysics discoveries with deep learning No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.11779		January 2019
r-Process enrichment in the Galactic halo characterized by nucleosynthesis variation in the ejecta of coalescing neutron star binaries No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.11065		January 2019

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The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. III. Optical and UV Spectra of a Blue Kilonova from Fast Polar Ejecta

Journal Article · 2017 · Astrophysical Journal Letters · OSTI ID:22872525

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The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models

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