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Title: Structural Coupling Throughout the Active Site Hydrogen Bond Networks of Ketosteroid Isomerase and Photoactive Yellow Protein

Journal Article · · Journal of the American Chemical Society
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b01596· OSTI ID:1476146
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [2];  [4];  [5]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
  2. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  3. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  4. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  5. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); California State Univ. Long Beach, Long Beach, CA (United States)

Hydrogen bonds are fundamental to biological systems and are regularly found in networks implicated in folding, molecular recognition, catalysis, and allostery. Given their ubiquity, we asked the fundamental questions of whether, and to what extent, hydrogen bonds within networks are structurally coupled. To address these questions, we turned to three protein systems, two variants of ketosteroid isomerase and one of photoactive yellow protein. We perturbed their hydrogen bond networks via a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and unnatural amino acid substitution, and we used 1H NMR and high-resolution X-ray crystallography to determine the effects of these perturbations on the lengths of the two oxyanion hole hydrogen bonds that are donated to negatively charged transition state analogs. Perturbations that lengthened or shortened one of the oxyanion hole hydrogen bonds had the opposite effect on the other. The oxyanion hole hydrogen bonds were also affected by distal hydrogen bonds in the network, with smaller perturbations for more remote hydrogen bonds. Across 19 measurements in three systems, the length change in one oxyanion hole hydrogen bond was propagated to the other, by a factor of –0.30 ± 0.03. This common effect suggests that hydrogen bond coupling is minimally influenced by the remaining protein scaffold. The observed coupling is reproduced by molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations for changes to a proximal oxyanion hole hydrogen bond. However, effects from distal hydrogen bonds are reproduced only by QM/MM, suggesting the importance of polarization in hydrogen bond coupling. These results deepen our understanding of hydrogen bonds and their networks, providing strong evidence for long-range coupling and for the extent of this coupling. In conclusion, we provide a broadly predictive quantitative relationship that can be applied to and can be further tested in new systems.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515; MCB-1714723
OSTI ID:
1476146
Journal Information:
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 31; ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 29 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Assessment of enzyme active site positioning and tests of catalytic mechanisms through X-ray–derived conformational ensembles journal December 2020