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Title: Duplications and losses in gene families of rust pathogens highlight putative effectors

Journal Article · · Frontiers in Plant Science
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [3];  [2];  [6];  [7]
  1. Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program
  2. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)., Saucier, MS (United States). Southern Research Station, Southern Inst. of Forest Genetics
  3. Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada). Dept. of Forest Sciences
  4. Univ. de Lorraine, Champenoux (France). Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Lab. d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, UMR Inst. National de la Recherche Agronomique
  5. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
  6. Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). Biology Dept.; Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). Genetics Inst.
  7. Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). Genetics Inst.; Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). School of Forest Resources and Conservation

Rust fungi are a group of fungal pathogens that cause some of the world's most destructive diseases of trees and crops. A shared characteristic among rust fungi is obligate biotrophy, the inability to complete a lifecycle without a host. This dependence on a host species likely affects patterns of gene expansion, contraction, and innovation within rust pathogen genomes. The establishment of disease by biotrophic pathogens is reliant upon effector proteins that are encoded in the fungal genome and secreted from the pathogen into the host's cell apoplast or within the cells. This study uses a comparative genomic approach to elucidate putative effectors and determine their evolutionary histories. We used OrthoMCL to identify nearly 20,000 gene families in proteomes of 16 diverse fungal species, which include 15 basidiomycetes and one ascomycete. We inferred patterns of duplication and loss for each gene family and identified families with distinctive patterns of expansion/contraction associated with the evolution of rust fungal genomes. To recognize potential contributors for the unique features of rust pathogens, we identified families harboring secreted proteins that: (i) arose or expanded in rust pathogens relative to other fungi, or (ii) contracted or were lost in rust fungal genomes. While the origin of rust fungi appears to be associated with considerable gene loss, there are many gene duplications associated with each sampled rust fungal genome. We also highlight two putative effector gene families that have expanded in Cqf that we hypothesize have roles in pathogenicity.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1469147
Report Number(s):
LBNL-178026; ir:178026
Journal Information:
Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 5; ISSN 1664-462X
Publisher:
Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 39 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (17)

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Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance journal January 2016
The emergence of the multi‐species NIP1 effector in Rhynchosporium was accompanied by high rates of gene duplications and losses journal April 2019
Host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions in the evolution of obligate plant parasitism journal January 2015
Advances in understanding obligate biotrophy in rust fungi journal February 2019
Rapid turnover of effectors in grass powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) journal October 2017
Transcriptome analysis of the white pine blister rust pathogen Cronartium ribicola: de novo assembly, expression profiling, and identification of candidate effectors journal September 2015
Comparative genome analysis and genome evolution of members of the magnaporthaceae family of fungi journal February 2016
Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp. teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle journal October 2019
Network analysis exposes core functions in major lifestyles of fungal and oomycete plant pathogens journal December 2019
BcCFEM1, a CFEM Domain-Containing Protein with Putative GPI-Anchored Site, Is Involved in Pathogenicity, Conidial Production, and Stress Tolerance in Botrytis cinerea journal September 2017
Genome sequence of the plant growth promoting endophytic yeast Rhodotorula graminis WP1 journal September 2015
Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp. teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle preprint October 2019
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Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp. teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle posted_content October 2019
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