The Green Berry Consortia of the Sippewissett Salt Marsh: Millimeter-Sized Aggregates of Diazotrophic Unicellular Cyanobacteria

Wilbanks, Elizabeth G.; Salman-Carvalho, Verena; Jaekel, Ulrike; Humphrey, Parris T.; Eisen, Jonathan A.; Buckley, Daniel H.; Zinder, Stephen H.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01623

Title: The Green Berry Consortia of the Sippewissett Salt Marsh: Millimeter-Sized Aggregates of Diazotrophic Unicellular Cyanobacteria

Journal Article · Mon Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Frontiers in Microbiology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01623· OSTI ID:1468986

Wilbanks, Elizabeth G. ^[1]; Salman-Carvalho, Verena ^[2]; Jaekel, Ulrike ^[3]; Humphrey, Parris T. ^[4]; Eisen, Jonathan A. ^[5]; Buckley, Daniel H. ^[6]; Zinder, Stephen H. ^[7]

Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology
Max Planck Inst. for Marine Microbiology, Bremen (Germany). HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Tech.
Max Planck Inst. for Marine Microbiology, Bremen (Germany). Dept. for Microbiology; Council of Norway, Oslo (Norway). Div. for Science, Research
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Genome Center, Dept. of Evolution and Ecology
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). School of Integrative Plant Science
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Microbiology

Microbial interactions driving key biogeochemical fluxes often occur within multispecies consortia that form spatially heterogeneous microenvironments. Here, we describe the “green berry” consortia of the Sippewissett salt marsh (Falmouth, MA, United States): millimeter-sized aggregates dominated by an uncultured, diazotrophic unicellular cyanobacterium of the order Chroococcales (termed GB-CYN1). We show that GB-CYN1 is closely related to Crocosphaera watsonii (UCYN-B) and “Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa” (UCYN-A), two groups of unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria that play an important role in marine primary production. Other green berry consortium members include pennate diatoms and putative heterotrophic bacteria from the Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Tight coupling was observed between photosynthetic oxygen production and heterotrophic respiration. When illuminated, the green berries became supersaturated with oxygen. From the metagenome, we observed that GB-CYN1 encodes photosystem II genes and thus has the metabolic potential for oxygen production unlike UCYN-A. In darkness, respiratory activity rapidly depleted oxygen creating anoxia within the aggregates. Metagenomic data revealed a suite of nitrogen fixation genes encoded by GB-CYN1, and nitrogenase activity was confirmed at the whole-aggregate level by acetylene reduction assays. Metagenome reads homologous to marker genes for denitrification were observed and suggest that heterotrophic denitrifiers might co-occur in the green berries, although the physiology and activity of facultative anaerobes in these aggregates remains uncharacterized. Nitrogen fixation in the surface ocean was long thought to be driven by filamentous cyanobacterial aggregates, though recent work has demonstrated the importance of unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria (UCYN) from the order Chroococcales. Here, the green berries serve as a useful contrast to studies of open ocean UCYN and may provide a tractable model system to investigate microbial dynamics within phytoplankton aggregates, a phenomenon of global importance to the flux of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in surface waters.

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Research Organization:: Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-85ER13361

OSTI ID:: 1468986

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 8; ISSN 1664-302X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 3 works

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