An on/off Berry phase switch in circular graphene resonators

Ghahari, Fereshte; Walkup, Daniel; Gutiérrez, Christopher; Rodriguez-Nieva, Joaquin F.; Zhao, Yue; Wyrick, Jonathan; Natterer, Fabian D.; Cullen, William G.; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Levitov, Leonid S.; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.

doi:10.1126/science.aal0212

Title: An on/off Berry phase switch in circular graphene resonators

Journal Article · Fri May 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal0212· OSTI ID:1463266

^[1];

^[2]; Zhao, Yue ^[3];

^[4];

^[5];

^[4];

^[6]; Taniguchi, Takashi ^[6]; Levitov, Leonid S. ^[7];

^[4];

^[4]

National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); South Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen (China)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States); Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (Switzlerland)
National Inst. for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

The phase of a quantum state may not return to its original value after the system's parameters cycle around a closed path; instead, the wavefunction may acquire a measurable phase difference called the Berry phase. Berry phases typically have been accessed through interference experiments. Here, we demonstrate an unusual Berry-phase-induced spectroscopic feature: a sudden and large increase in the energy of angular-momentum states in circular graphene p-n junction resonators when a small critical magnetic field is reached. This behavior results from turning on a π-Berry phase associated with the topological properties of Dirac fermions in graphene. The Berry phase can be switched on and off with small magnetic field changes on the order of 10 mT, potentially enabling a variety of optoelectronic graphene device applications.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001088

OSTI ID:: 1463266

Journal Information:: Science, Vol. 356, Issue 6340; ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 81 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (36)

High-pressure structural behaviour of HoVO ₄ : combined XRD experiments and ab initio calculations Garg, Alka B.; Errandonea, D.; Rodríguez-Hernández, P. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 26, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/26/265402	journal	June 2014
Klein tunneling in graphene: optics with massless electrons Allain, P. E.; Fuchs, J. N. The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 83, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2011-20351-3	journal	October 2011
Nanoscale Control of Rewriteable Doping Patterns in Pristine Graphene/Boron Nitride Heterostructures Velasco, Jairo; Ju, Long; Wong, Dillon Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04441	journal	February 2016
Adiabatic Rotational Splittings and Berry's Phase in Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Tycko, Robert Physical Review Letters, Vol. 58, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2281	journal	June 1987
Observing the Quantization of Zero Mass Carriers in Graphene Miller, D. L.; Kubista, K. D.; Rutter, G. M. Science, Vol. 324, Issue 5929 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171810	journal	May 2009
Observation of Berry's Topological Phase by Use of an Optical Fiber Tomita, Akira; Chiao, Raymond Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.937	journal	August 1986
Manifestations of Berry's Topological Phase for the Photon Chiao, Raymond Y.; Wu, Yong-Shi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.933	journal	August 1986
The Focusing of Electron Flow and a Veselago Lens in Graphene p-n Junctions Cheianov, V. V.; Fal'ko, V.; Altshuler, B. L. Science, Vol. 315, Issue 5816 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1138020	journal	March 2007
Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics Dean, C. R.; Young, A. F.; Meric, I. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 5, Issue 10, p. 722-726 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.172	journal	August 2010
Creating and probing electron whispering-gallery modes in graphene Zhao, Y.; Wyrick, J.; Natterer, F. D. Science, Vol. 348, Issue 6235 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa7469	journal	May 2015
Manifestation of Berry’s topological phase in neutron spin rotation Bitter, T.; Dubbers, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 59, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.251	journal	July 1987
Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V. Nature, Vol. 438, Issue 7065, p. 197-200 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04233	journal	November 2005
Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene Zhang, Yuanbo; Tan, Yan-Wen; Stormer, Horst L. Nature, Vol. 438, Issue 7065, p. 201-204 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04235	journal	November 2005
Einstein’s Unknown Insight and the Problem of Quantizing Chaos Stone, A. Douglas Physics Today, Vol. 58, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2062917	journal	August 2005
Invited Article: Autonomous assembly of atomically perfect nanostructures using a scanning tunneling microscope Celotta, Robert J.; Balakirsky, Stephen B.; Fein, Aaron P. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4902536	journal	December 2014
Klein Backscattering and Fabry-Pérot Interference in Graphene Heterojunctions Shytov, Andrei V.; Rudner, Mark S.; Levitov, Leonid S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.156804	journal	October 2008
Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots Lee, Juwon; Wong, Dillon; Velasco Jr, Jairo Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3805	journal	June 2016
Klein tunnelling and electron trapping in nanometre-scale graphene quantum dots Gutiérrez, Christopher; Brown, Lola; Kim, Cheol-Joo Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3806	journal	June 2016
Berry's Phase Zwanziger, J. W.; Koenig, M.; Pines, A. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 41, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pc.41.100190.003125	journal	October 1990
Quantum interference and Klein tunnelling in graphene heterojunctions Young, Andrea F.; Kim, Philip Nature Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1198	journal	February 2009
Quantum and classical confinement of resonant states in a trilayer graphene Fabry-Pérot interferometer Campos, L. C.; Young, A. F.; Surakitbovorn, K. Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2243	journal	January 2012
Quantal Phase Factors Accompanying Adiabatic Changes Berry, M. V. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 392, Issue 1802 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1984.0023	journal	March 1984
Berry phase jumps and giant nonreciprocity in Dirac quantum dots Rodriguez-Nieva, Joaquin F.; Levitov, Leonid S. Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.235406	journal	December 2016
Scattering of two-dimensional massless Dirac electrons by a circular potential barrier Wu, Jhih-Sheng; Fogler, Michael M. Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.235402	journal	December 2014
Magnetic Confinement of Massless Dirac Fermions in Graphene De Martino, A.; Dell’Anna, L.; Egger, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.066802	journal	February 2007
Anticipations of the Geometric Phase Berry, Michael Physics Today, Vol. 43, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.881219	journal	December 1990
Fabry-Pérot Interference in Gapped Bilayer Graphene with Broken Anti-Klein Tunneling Varlet, Anastasia; Liu, Ming-Hao; Krueckl, Viktor Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.116601	journal	September 2014
Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers Ferrari, A. C.; Meyer, J. C.; Scardaci, V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 18, Article No. 187401 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401	journal	October 2006
Berry phase effects on electronic properties Xiao, Di; Chang, Ming-Che; Niu, Qian Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1959	journal	July 2010
Observation of Berry's Topological Phase by Use of an Optical Fiber Tomita, Akira; Chiao, Raymond Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 57, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.57.2471	journal	November 1986
Scattering of massless Dirac fermions in circular p-n junctions with and without magnetic field Agrawal (Garg), Neetu; Ghosh, Sankalpa; Sharma, Manish Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 26, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/15/155301	journal	March 2014
High-pressure structural behaviour of HoVO4: Combined XRD experiments and ab initio calculations Garg, Alka B.; Errandonea, D.; Rodriguez-Hernandez, P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1405.1889	text	January 2014
Creating and Probing Electron Whispering Gallery Modes in Graphene Zhao, Yue; Wyrick, Jonathan; Natterer, Fabian D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.02732	text	January 2015
Nanoscale control of rewriteable doping patterns in pristine graphene/boron nitride heterostructures Velasco, Jairo; Ju, Long; Wong, Dillon arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1602.03245	text	January 2016
Experimental Observation of Quantum Hall Effect and Berry's Phase in Graphene Zhang, Yuanbo; Tan, Yan-Wen; Stormer, Horst L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0509355	text	January 2005
Magnetic confinement of massless Dirac fermions in graphene De Martino, A.; Dell'Anna, L.; Egger, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0610290	text	January 2006

Cited By (41)

Spin interferometry in anisotropic spin-orbit fields Saarikoski, Henri; Reynoso, Andres A.; Baltanás, José Pablo Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.97.125423	journal	March 2018
Tuning Anti-Klein to Klein Tunneling in Bilayer Graphene Du, Renjun; Liu, Ming-Hao; Mohrmann, Jens Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.121.127706	journal	September 2018
WSe ₂ homojunctions and quantum dots created by patterned hydrogenation of epitaxial graphene substrates Pan, Yi; Fölsch, Stefan; Lin, Yu-Chuan 2D Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aaf58c	journal	January 2019
US–Czech conference strengthens bilateral and multidisciplinary collaborations in nanotechnology and chemistry DelRio, Frank W.; O’Regan, Stephen D.; Tuček, Pavel Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aaefb9	journal	December 2018
Persistent and reversible electrostatic control of doping in graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures Quezada-Lopez, E. A.; Joucken, F.; Chen, H. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127770	journal	January 2020
Nontrivial quantum oscillation geometric phase shift in a trivial band Datta, Biswajit; Adak, Pratap Chandra; Shi, Li-kun Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax6550	journal	October 2019
Accessing ratios of quantized resistances in graphene p – n junction devices using multiple terminals Patel, Dinesh; Marzano, Martina; Liu, Chieh-I AIP Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138901	journal	February 2020
Geometry-Assisted Topological Transitions in Spin Interferometry Wang, M.; Saarikoski, H.; Reynoso, A. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.123.266804	journal	December 2019
Tunneling Spectra of a Quasifreestanding Graphene Monolayer Li, Si-Yu; Bai, Ke-Ke; Zuo, Wei-Jie Physical Review Applied, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.9.054031	journal	May 2018
Tuning anti-Klein to Klein tunneling in bilayer graphene Du, Renjun; Liu, Ming-Hao; Mohrmann, Jens Universität Regensburg https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.37256	text	January 2017
Two-dimensional halogen-bonded organic frameworks based on the tetrabromobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid building molecule Chongboriboon, Nucharee; Samakun, Kodchakorn; Inprasit, Thitirat CrystEngComm, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ce01140d	journal	January 2020
Confined states in graphene quantum blisters Abdullah, H. M.; Bahlouli, H.; Peeters, F. M. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 30, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aad9c7	journal	August 2018
Effective medium theory for electron waves in a gate-defined quantum dot array in graphene Ren, Yinghui; Gao, Yichun; Wan, Pengcheng Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.045422	journal	July 2019
Atomic‐Scale Manipulation and In Situ Characterization with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Ko, Wonhee; Ma, Chuanxu; Nguyen, Giang D. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201903770	journal	October 2019
Quantum transport in graphene $p − n$ junctions with moiré superlattice modulation Hu, Jiuning; Rigosi, Albert F.; Lee, Ji U. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.045412	journal	July 2018
Anomalous chiral edge states in spin-1 Dirac quantum dots Xu, Hong-Ya; Lai, Ying-Cheng Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013062	journal	January 2020
Zero‐Energy Vortices in Dirac Materials Downing, Charles A.; Portnoi, Mikhail E. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 256, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201800584	journal	March 2019
Graphene quantum blisters: A tunable system to confine charge carriers Abdullah, H. M.; Van der Donck, M.; Bahlouli, H. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5023896	journal	May 2018
Organometallic complexes of carbon nanotori del Castillo, Roxana M.; Miralrio, Alan; Rios, Citlalli Journal of Molecular Modeling, Vol. 25, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-019-4118-0	journal	July 2019
Nanoscale imaging of equilibrium quantum Hall edge currents and of the magnetic monopole response in graphene Uri, Aviram; Kim, Youngwook; Bagani, Kousik Nature Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0713-3	journal	December 2019
Nanoscale detection of valley-dependent spin splitting around atomic defects of graphene Li, Si-Yu; Ren, Ya-Ning; Liu, Yi-Wen 2D Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/ab2074	journal	June 2019
Interaction-driven quantum Hall wedding cake–like structures in graphene quantum dots Gutiérrez, Christopher; Walkup, Daniel; Ghahari, Fereshte Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6404 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar2014	journal	August 2018
Electrical confinement in a spectrum of two-dimensional Dirac materials with classically integrable, mixed, and chaotic dynamics Han, Chen-Di; Xu, Hong-Ya; Lai, Ying-Cheng Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013116	journal	February 2020
Oscillations of the bandgap with size in armchair and zigzag graphene quantum dots Saleem, Y.; Najera Baldo, L.; Delgado, A. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 31, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ab0b31	journal	May 2019
Helical level structure of Dirac potential wells Walkup, Daniel; Stroscio, Joseph A. Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.201409	journal	November 2017
Tuning a circular p–n junction in graphene from quantum confinement to optical guiding Jiang, Yuhang; Mao, Jinhai; Moldovan, Dean Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.181	journal	September 2017
Tuning Anti-Klein to Klein Tunneling in Bilayer Graphene Du, Renjun; Liu, Ming-Hao; Mohrmann, Jens Universität Regensburg https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.37786	text	January 2018
Mask aligner for ultrahigh vacuum with capacitive distance control Bhaskar, Priyamvada; Mathioudakis, Simon; Olschewski, Tim Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5022462	journal	April 2018
Tuning single-electron charging and interactions between compressible Landau level islands in graphene Walkup, Daniel; Ghahari, Fereshte; Gutiérrez, Christopher Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.035428	journal	January 2020
Tuning anti-Klein to Klein tunneling in bilayer graphene Du, Renjun; Liu, Ming-Hao; Mohrmann, Jens arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.07260	text	January 2017
Tuning a Circular p-n Junction in Graphene from Quantum Confinement to Optical Guiding Jiang, Yuhang; Mao, Jinhai; Moldovan, Dean arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.07346	text	January 2017
Spin interferometry in anisotropic spin-orbit fields Saarikoski, Henri; Reynoso, Andrés; Baltanás, José Pablo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.07810	text	January 2017
Graphene quantum blisters: a tunable system to confine charge carriers Abdullah, Hasan M.; Van der Donck, M.; Bahlouli, H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.10619	text	January 2018
Confined states in graphene quantum blisters Abdullah, Hasan M.; Bahlouli, H.; Peeters, F. M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.04307	text	January 2018
Non-trivial quantum oscillation geometric phase shift in a trivial band Datta, Biswajit; Adak, Pratap Chandra; Shi, Li-kun arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.04264	text	January 2019
Geometry-assisted topological transitions in spin interferometry Wang, M.; Saarikoski, H.; Reynoso, A. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.01825	text	January 2019
Nanoscale imaging of equilibrium quantum Hall edge currents and of the magnetic monopole response in graphene Uri, Aviram; Kim, Youngwook; Bagani, Kousik arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.02466	text	January 2019
Relativistic Artificial Molecules Realized by Two Coupled Graphene Quantum Dots Fu, Zhong-Qiu; Pan, Yueting; Zhou, Jiao-Jiao Nano Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02623	journal	July 2020
Relativistic Artificial Molecules Realized by Two Coupled Graphene Quantum Dots Fu, Zhong-Qiu; Pan, Yue-Ting; Zhou, Jiao-Jiao arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.06580	preprint	January 2019
Breaking whispering-gallery modes of massless Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots by Coulomb interaction Fu, Zhong-Qiu; Bai, Ke-Ke; Ren, Ya-Ning arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.02493	text	January 2020
Graphene whisperitronics: transducing whispering gallery modes into electronic transport Brun, Boris; Nguyen, Viet-Hung; Moreau, Nicolas arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2112.07229	text	January 2021

Similar Records

Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots

Journal Article · Mon Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nature Physics · OSTI ID:1463266

Lee, Juwon; Wong, Dillon; Velasco Jr, Jairo; +9 more

Giant intrinsic photoresponse in pristine graphene

Journal Article · Mon Dec 17 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Nature Nanotechnology · OSTI ID:1463266

Ma, Qiong; Lui, Chun Hung; Song, Justin C. W.; +14 more

Anomalous periodicity of magnetic interference patterns in encapsulated graphene Josephson junctions

Journal Article · Thu Nov 07 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Physical Review Research · OSTI ID:1463266

Ke, C. T.; Draelos, A. W.; Seredinski, A.; +11 more

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Title: An on/off Berry phase switch in circular graphene resonators

Citation Formats

References (36)

Cited By (41)

Similar Records

Related Subjects