Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots

Lee, Juwon; Wong, Dillon; Velasco Jr, Jairo; Rodriguez-Nieva, Joaquin F.; Kahn, Salman; Tsai, Hsin-Zon; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Zettl, Alex; Wang, Feng; Levitov, Leonid S.; Crommie, Michael F.

doi:10.1038/nphys3805

Title: Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots

Journal Article · Mon Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nature Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3805· OSTI ID:1530257

Lee, Juwon ^[1]; Wong, Dillon ^[1]; Velasco Jr, Jairo ^[2]; Rodriguez-Nieva, Joaquin F. ^[3]; Kahn, Salman ^[1]; Tsai, Hsin-Zon ^[1]; Taniguchi, Takashi ^[4];

^[4]; Zettl, Alex ^[5]; Wang, Feng ^[5]; Levitov, Leonid S. ^[3]; Crommie, Michael F. ^[5]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
National Inst. for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Electrostatic confinement of charge carriers in graphene is governed by Klein tunnelling, a relativistic quantum process in which particle-hole transmutation leads to unusual anisotropic transmission at p-n junction boundaries. Reflection and transmission at these boundaries affect the quantum interference of electronic waves, enabling the formation of novel quasi-bound states. Here we report the use of scanning tunnelling microscopy to map the electronic structure of Dirac fermions confined in quantum dots defined by circular graphene p-n junctions. The quantum dots were fabricated using a technique involving local manipulation of defect charge within the insulating substrate beneath a graphene monolayer. Inside such graphene quantum dots we observe resonances due to quasi-bound states and directly visualize the quantum interference patterns arising from these states. Outside the quantum dots Dirac fermions exhibit Friedel oscillation-like behaviour. Bolstered by a theoretical model describing relativistic particles in a harmonic oscillator potential, our findings yield insights into the spatial behaviour of electrostatically confined Dirac fermions.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; DMR-1231319

OSTI ID:: 1530257

Journal Information:: Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 11; ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 141 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (47)

Direct-bandgap properties and evidence for ultraviolet lasing of hexagonal boron nitride single crystal Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Kanda, Hisao Nature Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1134	journal	May 2004
Zero-energy states in graphene quantum dots and rings Downing, C. A.; Stone, D. A.; Portnoi, M. E. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.155437	journal	October 2011
Quantum-Confined Electronic States in Atomically Well-Defined Graphene Nanostructures Hämäläinen, Sampsa K.; Sun, Zhixiang; Boneschanscher, Mark P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.236803	journal	November 2011
Confinement of Electrons to Quantum Corrals on a Metal Surface Crommie, M. F.; Lutz, C. P.; Eigler, D. M. Science, Vol. 262, Issue 5131 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.262.5131.218	journal	October 1993
Direct Observation of Electron Confinement in Epitaxial Graphene Nanoislands Phark, Soo-hyon; Borme, Jérôme; Vanegas, Augusto León ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn2028105	journal	September 2011
Klein Backscattering and Fabry-Pérot Interference in Graphene Heterojunctions Shytov, Andrei V.; Rudner, Mark S.; Levitov, Leonid S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.156804	journal	October 2008
Selective transmission of Dirac electrons and ballistic magnetoresistance of $n − p$ junctions in graphene Cheianov, Vadim V.; Fal’ko, Vladimir I. Physical Review B, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.041403	journal	July 2006
Evidence for Klein Tunneling in Graphene $p − n$ Junctions Stander, N.; Huard, B.; Goldhaber-Gordon, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.026807	journal	January 2009
Observing Atomic Collapse Resonances in Artificial Nuclei on Graphene Wang, Y.; Wong, D.; Shytov, A. V. Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6133 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1234320	journal	March 2013
Scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy of ultra-flat graphene on hexagonal boron nitride Xue, Jiamin; Sanchez-Yamagishi, Javier; Bulmash, Danny Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2968	journal	February 2011
Klein tunnelling and electron trapping in nanometre-scale graphene quantum dots Gutiérrez, Christopher; Brown, Lola; Kim, Cheol-Joo Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3806	journal	June 2016
Transforming C60 molecules into graphene quantum dots Lu, Jiong; Yeo, Pei Shan Emmeline; Gan, Chee Kwan Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.30	journal	March 2011
Quantum Dot Behavior in Graphene Nanoconstrictions Todd, Kathryn; Chou, Hung-Tao; Amasha, Sami Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl803291b	journal	January 2009
Nanoscale Control of Rewriteable Doping Patterns in Pristine Graphene/Boron Nitride Heterostructures Velasco, Jairo; Ju, Long; Wong, Dillon Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04441	journal	February 2016
Spatially resolved edge currents and guided-wave electronic states in graphene Allen, M. T.; Shtanko, O.; Fulga, I. C. Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3534	journal	November 2015
Quantum interference and Klein tunnelling in graphene heterojunctions Young, Andrea F.; Kim, Philip Nature Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1198	journal	February 2009
Fock-Darwin States of Dirac Electrons in Graphene-Based Artificial Atoms Chen, Hong-Yi; Apalkov, Vadim; Chakraborty, Tapash Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.186803	journal	May 2007
Local Electronic Properties of Graphene on a BN Substrate via Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Decker, Régis; Wang, Yang; Brar, Victor W. Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl2005115	journal	June 2011
Quantum transport in carbon nanotubes Laird, Edward A.; Kuemmeth, Ferdinand; Steele, Gary A. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.87.703	journal	July 2015
Wave-Function Mapping of Graphene Quantum Dots with Soft Confinement Subramaniam, D.; Libisch, F.; Li, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.046801	journal	January 2012
Scattering of two-dimensional Dirac fermions on gate-defined oscillating quantum dots Schulz, C.; Heinisch, R. L.; Fehske, H. Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.045130	journal	January 2015
Scattering of two-dimensional massless Dirac electrons by a circular potential barrier Wu, Jhih-Sheng; Fogler, Michael M. Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.235402	journal	December 2014
Electrostatic Confinement of Electrons in an Integrable Graphene Quantum Dot Bardarson, J. H.; Titov, M.; Brouwer, P. W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.226803	journal	June 2009
Electron transport through double quantum dots van der Wiel, W. G.; De Franceschi, S.; Elzerman, J. M. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 75, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.75.1	journal	December 2002
Characterization and manipulation of individual defects in insulating hexagonal boron nitride using scanning tunnelling microscopy Wong, Dillon; Velasco, Jairo; Ju, Long Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.188	journal	August 2015
Observation of Carrier-Density-Dependent Many-Body Effects in Graphene via Tunneling Spectroscopy Brar, Victor W.; Wickenburg, Sebastian; Panlasigui, Melissa Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.036805	journal	January 2010
Chiral tunnelling and the Klein paradox in graphene Katsnelson, M. I.; Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K. Nature Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys384	journal	August 2006
Evolution of microscopic localization in graphene in a magnetic field from scattering resonances to quantum dots Jung, Suyong; Rutter, Gregory M.; Klimov, Nikolai N. Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1866	journal	January 2011
Quasibound states of quantum dots in single and bilayer graphene Matulis, A.; Peeters, F. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.115423	journal	March 2008
Creating and probing electron whispering-gallery modes in graphene Zhao, Y.; Wyrick, J.; Natterer, F. D. Science, Vol. 348, Issue 6235 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa7469	journal	May 2015
Imaging localized states in graphene nanostructures Schnez, Stephan; Güttinger, Johannes; Huefner, Magdalena Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.165445	journal	October 2010
Chaotic Dirac Billiard in Graphene Quantum Dots Ponomarenko, L. A.; Schedin, F.; Katsnelson, M. I. Science, Vol. 320, Issue 5874, p. 356-358 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154663	journal	April 2008
Energy Band-Gap Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons Han, Melinda Y.; Özyilmaz, Barbaros; Zhang, Yuanbo Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.206805	journal	May 2007
A transfer technique for high mobility graphene devices on commercially available hexagonal boron nitride Zomer, P. J.; Dash, S. P.; Tombros, N. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3665405	journal	December 2011
Chaotic Dirac billiard in graphene quantum dots Ponomarenko, L. A.; Schedin, F.; Katsnelson, M. I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0801.0160	text	January 2008
Quantum dot behavior in graphene nanoconstrictions Todd, Kathryn; Chou, Hung-Tao; Amasha, Sami arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0811.0565	text	January 2008
Electrostatic confinement of electrons in an integrable graphene quantum dot Bardarson, J. H.; Titov, M.; Brouwer, P. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0902.4499	text	January 2009
Imaging Localized States in Graphene Nanostructures Schnez, S.; Güttinger, J.; Huefner, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1005.2024	text	January 2010
Zero-energy states in graphene quantum dots and rings Downing, C. A.; Stone, D. A.; Portnoi, M. E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1105.0891	text	January 2011
A new transfer technique for high mobility graphene devices on commercially available hexagonal boron nitride Zomer, P. J.; Dash, S. P.; Tombros, N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1110.1045	text	January 2011
Scattering of two-dimensional Dirac fermions on gate-defined oscillating quantum dots Schulz, C.; Heinisch, R. L.; Fehske, H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1412.3134	text	January 2014
Spatially resolved edge currents and guided-wave electronic states in graphene Allen, Monica T.; Shtanko, Oles; Fulga, Ion Cosma arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.07630	text	January 2015
Creating and Probing Electron Whispering Gallery Modes in Graphene Zhao, Yue; Wyrick, Jonathan; Natterer, Fabian D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.02732	text	January 2015
Nanoscale control of rewriteable doping patterns in pristine graphene/boron nitride heterostructures Velasco, Jairo; Ju, Long; Wong, Dillon arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1602.03245	text	January 2016
Electron transport through double quantum dots van der Wiel, W. G.; De Franceschi, S.; Elzerman, J. M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0205350	text	January 2002
Chiral tunneling and the Klein paradox in graphene Katsnelson, M. I.; Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0604323	text	January 2006
The Fock-Darwin States of Dirac Electrons in Graphene-based Artificial Atoms Chen, Hong-Yi; Apalkov, Vadim; Chakraborty, Tapash arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0611457	text	January 2006

Cited By (45)

Atomic‐Scale Manipulation and In Situ Characterization with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Ko, Wonhee; Ma, Chuanxu; Nguyen, Giang D. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201903770	journal	October 2019
Confined Synthesis of Carbon Nitride in a Layered Host Matrix with Unprecedented Solid-State Quantum Yield and Stability Liu, Wendi; Xu, Simin; Guan, Shanyue Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201704376	journal	November 2017
Zero‐Energy Vortices in Dirac Materials Downing, Charles A.; Portnoi, Mikhail E. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 256, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201800584	journal	March 2019
Experimental Observation of Bound States of 2D Dirac Electrons at Surface Steps of the Topological Insulator Bi ₂ Se ₃ Fedotov, Nikolai; Zaitsev‐Zotov, Sergei physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201800617	journal	January 2019
Functionalized DNA Enables Programming Exosomes/Vesicles for Tumor Imaging and Therapy Fan, Zhijin; Xiao, Keng; Lin, Jingyan Small, Vol. 15, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201903761	journal	October 2019
Full-color carbon dots with multiple red-emission tuning: on/off sensors, in vitro and in vivo multicolor bioimaging Huo, Feng; Liang, Wenfei; Tang, Yuran Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 54, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03370-6	journal	January 2019
Tuning a circular p–n junction in graphene from quantum confinement to optical guiding Jiang, Yuhang; Mao, Jinhai; Moldovan, Dean Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.181	journal	September 2017
Klein tunnelling and electron trapping in nanometre-scale graphene quantum dots Gutiérrez, Christopher; Brown, Lola; Kim, Cheol-Joo Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3806	journal	June 2016
Bielectron vortices in two-dimensional Dirac semimetals Downing, C. A.; Portnoi, M. E. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00949-y	journal	October 2017
Electronic transport in planar atomic-scale structures measured by two-probe scanning tunneling spectroscopy Kolmer, Marek; Brandimarte, Pedro; Lis, Jakub Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09315-6	journal	April 2019
Programmable graphene nanobubbles with three-fold symmetric pseudo-magnetic fields Jia, Pengfei; Chen, Wenjing; Qiao, Jiabin Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11038-7	journal	July 2019
Unraveling the cooperative synergy of zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots and metal nanocrystals enabled by layer-by-layer assembly Zeng, Zhiping; Xiao, Fang-Xing; Phan, Hung Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta09119b	journal	January 2018
Insight into the charge transport correlation in Au _x clusters and graphene quantum dots deposited on TiO ₂ nanotubes for photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution Zeng, Zhiping; Li, Yu-Bing; Chen, Shufen Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02802h	journal	January 2018
Plasmon-induced photoelectrochemical water oxidation enabled by in situ layer-by-layer construction of cascade charge transfer channel in multilayered photoanode Zeng, Zhiping; Li, Tao; Li, Yu-Bing Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08841a	journal	January 2018
Mask aligner for ultrahigh vacuum with capacitive distance control Bhaskar, Priyamvada; Mathioudakis, Simon; Olschewski, Tim Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5022462	journal	April 2018
Graphene quantum blisters: A tunable system to confine charge carriers Abdullah, H. M.; Van der Donck, M.; Bahlouli, H. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5023896	journal	May 2018
Persistent and reversible electrostatic control of doping in graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures Quezada-Lopez, E. A.; Joucken, F.; Chen, H. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127770	journal	January 2020
Accessing ratios of quantized resistances in graphene p – n junction devices using multiple terminals Patel, Dinesh; Marzano, Martina; Liu, Chieh-I AIP Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138901	journal	February 2020
On the density of states of circular graphene quantum dots Chau Nguyen, H.; Nguyen, Nhung T. T.; Lien Nguyen, V. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 29, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aa7efd	journal	August 2017
Confined states in graphene quantum blisters Abdullah, H. M.; Bahlouli, H.; Peeters, F. M. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 30, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aad9c7	journal	August 2018
WSe ₂ homojunctions and quantum dots created by patterned hydrogenation of epitaxial graphene substrates Pan, Yi; Fölsch, Stefan; Lin, Yu-Chuan 2D Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aaf58c	journal	January 2019
Electronic and quantum transport properties of a graphene-BN dot-ring hetero-nanostructure Seel, Max; Pandey, Ravindra Journal of Physics Communications, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/aab7df	journal	April 2018
Tunneling Spectra of a Quasifreestanding Graphene Monolayer Li, Si-Yu; Bai, Ke-Ke; Zuo, Wei-Jie Physical Review Applied, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.9.054031	journal	May 2018
Imaging Dirac fermions flow through a circular Veselago lens Brun, B.; Moreau, N.; Somanchi, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.041401	journal	July 2019
Effective medium theory for electron waves in a gate-defined quantum dot array in graphene Ren, Yinghui; Gao, Yichun; Wan, Pengcheng Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.045422	journal	July 2019
Splitting of conductance resonance through a magnetic quantum dot in graphene Myoung, Nojoon; Ryu, Jung-Wan; Park, Hee Chul Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.045427	journal	July 2019
Chaos and the dynamics of information in dissipative electronic systems Klug, Markus J.; Syzranov, Sergey V. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.094304	journal	September 2019
Tuning single-electron charging and interactions between compressible Landau level islands in graphene Walkup, Daniel; Ghahari, Fereshte; Gutiérrez, Christopher Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.035428	journal	January 2020
Helical level structure of Dirac potential wells Walkup, Daniel; Stroscio, Joseph A. Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.201409	journal	November 2017
Quantum transport in graphene $p − n$ junctions with moiré superlattice modulation Hu, Jiuning; Rigosi, Albert F.; Lee, Ji U. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.045412	journal	July 2018
Electrical confinement in a spectrum of two-dimensional Dirac materials with classically integrable, mixed, and chaotic dynamics Han, Chen-Di; Xu, Hong-Ya; Lai, Ying-Cheng Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013116	journal	February 2020
Selective trapping of hexagonally warped topological surface states in a triangular quantum corral Chen, Mu; Jiang, Ye-Ping; Peng, Junping Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw3988	journal	May 2019
An on/off Berry phase switch in circular graphene resonators Ghahari, Fereshte; Walkup, Daniel; Gutiérrez, Christopher Science, Vol. 356, Issue 6340 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal0212	journal	May 2017
Interaction-driven quantum Hall wedding cake–like structures in graphene quantum dots Gutiérrez, Christopher; Walkup, Daniel; Ghahari, Fereshte Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6404 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar2014	journal	August 2018
Trapping Charge Carriers in Low-Dimensional Dirac Materials Downing, C. A.; Portnoi, M. E. International Journal of Nanoscience, Vol. 18, Issue 03n04 https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x19400015	journal	March 2019
Electrically defined topological interface states of graphene surface plasmons based on a gate-tunable quantum Bragg grating Fan, Zhiyuan; Dutta-Gupta, Shourya; Gladstone, Ran Nanophotonics, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0108	journal	July 2019
On the density of states of circular graphene quantum dots Nguyen, H. Chau; Nguyen, Nhung T. T.; Nguyen, V. Lien arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.01035	text	January 2017
Tuning a Circular p-n Junction in Graphene from Quantum Confinement to Optical Guiding Jiang, Yuhang; Mao, Jinhai; Moldovan, Dean arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.07346	text	January 2017
Experimental Observation of Bound States of 2D Dirac Electrons at Surface Steps of the Topological Insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ Fedotov, N. I.; Zaitsev-Zotov, S. V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.09303	text	January 2018
Graphene quantum blisters: a tunable system to confine charge carriers Abdullah, Hasan M.; Van der Donck, M.; Bahlouli, H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.10619	text	January 2018
Confined states in graphene quantum blisters Abdullah, Hasan M.; Bahlouli, H.; Peeters, F. M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.04307	text	January 2018
Splitting of conductance resonance through a magnetic quantum dot in graphene Myoung, Nojoon; Ryu, Jung-Wan; Park, Hee Chul arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.00750	text	January 2018
Trapping charge carriers in low-dimensional Dirac materials Downing, C. A.; Portnoi, M. E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.12465	text	January 2019
Selective Trapping of Hexagonally Warped Topological Surface States in a Triangular Quantum Corral Chen, Mu; Jiang, Yeping; Peng, Junping arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2201.09440	text	January 2022
Electrostatically confined monolayer graphene quantum dots with orbital and valley splittings Freitag, Nils M.; Chizhova, Larisa A.; Nemes-Incze, Peter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.02972	text	January 2016

Similar Records

Gate-tunable Veselago interference in a bipolar graphene microcavity

Journal Article · Mon Nov 07 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1530257

Zhang, Xi; Ren, Wei; Bell, Elliot; +8 more

Photon induced tunneling of electron through a graphene electrostatic barrier

Journal Article · Thu Nov 14 00:00:00 EST 2013 · Journal of Applied Physics · OSTI ID:1530257

Biswas, R.; Sinha, C.

Stationary phase method and delay times for relativistic and non-relativistic tunneling particles

Journal Article · Mon Jun 15 00:00:00 EDT 2009 · Annals of Physics (New York) · OSTI ID:1530257

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Title: Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots

Citation Formats

References (47)

Cited By (45)

Similar Records

Related Subjects