Aerosols at the poles: an AeroCom Phase II multi-model evaluation

Sand, Maria; Samset, Bjørn H.; Balkanski, Yves; Bauer, Susanne; Bellouin, Nicolas; Berntsen, Terje K.; Bian, Huisheng; Chin, Mian; Diehl, Thomas; Easter, Richard; Ghan, Steven J.; Iversen, Trond; Kirkevåg, Alf; Lamarque, Jean-François; Lin, Guangxing; Liu, Xiaohong; Luo, Gan; Myhre, Gunnar; Noije, Twan van; Penner, Joyce E.; Schulz, Michael; Seland, Øyvind; Skeie, Ragnhild B.; Stier, Philip; Takemura, Toshihiko; Tsigaridis, Kostas; Yu, Fangqun; Zhang, Kai; Zhang, Hua

doi:10.5194/acp-17-12197-2017

Aerosols at the poles: an AeroCom Phase II multi-model evaluation

Journal Article · Fri Oct 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12197-2017· OSTI ID:1454286

; Samset, Bjørn H.; ; Bauer, Susanne; ; Berntsen, Terje K.; Bian, Huisheng; Chin, Mian; Diehl, Thomas; Easter, Richard; Ghan, Steven J.; Iversen, Trond; ; ; Lin, Guangxing; Liu, Xiaohong; ; ; ; more »

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols from anthropogenic and natural sources reach the polar regions through long-range transport and affect the local radiation balance. Such transport is, however, poorly constrained in present-day global climate models, and few multi-model evaluations of polar anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing exist. Here we compare the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm from simulations with 16 global aerosol models from the AeroCom Phase II model intercomparison project with available observations at both poles. We show that the annual mean multi-model median is representative of the observations in Arctic, but that the intermodel spread is large. We also document the geographical distribution and seasonal cycle of the AOD for the individual aerosol species: black carbon (BC) from fossil fuel and biomass burning, sulfate, organic aerosols (OAs), dust, and sea-salt. For a subset of models that represent nitrate and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), we document the role of these aerosols at high latitudes.The seasonal dependence of natural and anthropogenic aerosols differs with natural aerosols peaking in winter (sea-salt) and spring (dust), whereas AOD from anthropogenic aerosols peaks in late spring and summer. The models produce a median annual mean AOD of 0.07 in the Arctic (defined here as north of 60° N). The models also predict a noteworthy aerosol transport to the Antarctic (south of 70° S) with a resulting AOD varying between 0.01 and 0.02. The models have estimated the shortwave anthropogenic radiative forcing contributions to the direct aerosol effect (DAE) associated with BC and OA from fossil fuel and biofuel (FF), sulfate, SOAs, nitrate, and biomass burning from BC and OA emissions combined. The Arctic modelled annual mean DAE is slightly negative (−0.12 W m−2), dominated by a positive BC FF DAE in spring and a negative sulfate DAE in summer. The Antarctic DAE is governed by BC FF. We perform sensitivity experiments with one of the AeroCom models (GISS modelE) to investigate how regional emissions of BC and sulfate and the lifetime of BC influence the Arctic and Antarctic AOD. A doubling of emissions in eastern Asia results in a 33 % increase in Arctic AOD of BC. A doubling of the BC lifetime results in a 39 % increase in Arctic AOD of BC. However, these radical changes still fall within the AeroCom model range.

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Research Organization:: Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo (CICERO) (Norway); Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka (Japan); NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies (GISS), New York, NY (United States); Norwegian Meteorological Inst., Oslo (Norway); Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)

Sponsoring Organization:: European Research Council (ERC); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (United States); National Science Foundation (NSF) (United States); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (United Kingdom); Research Council of Norway (RCN); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; FG02-01ER63248; SC0008486

OSTI ID:: 1454286

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1430718
OSTI ID: 23159771

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--122987

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 19 Vol. 17; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: Copernicus Publications, EGUCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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Aerosols at the poles: an AeroCom Phase II multi-model evaluation

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