Skip to main content
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

The Mechanism and Function of Group II Chaperonins

Journal Article · · Journal of Molecular Biology
 [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Department of Biology; Stanford University
  2. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Biophysics Program
  3. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Department of Biology and Department of Genetics
We report protein folding in the cell requires the assistance of enzymes collectively called chaperones. Among these, the chaperonins are 1-MDa ring-shaped oligomeric complexes that bind unfolded polypeptides and promote their folding within an isolated chamber in an ATP-dependent manner. Group II chaperonins, found in archaea and eukaryotes, contain a built-in lid that opens and closes over the central chamber. In eukaryotes, the chaperonin TRiC/CCT is hetero-oligomeric, consisting of two stacked rings of eight paralogous subunits each. TRiC facilitates folding of approximately 10% of the eukaryotic proteome, including many cytoskeletal components and cell cycle regulators. Folding of many cellular substrates of TRiC cannot be assisted by any other chaperone. A complete structural and mechanistic understanding of this highly conserved and essential chaperonin remains elusive. However, recent work is beginning to shed light on key aspects of chaperonin function and how their unique properties underlie their contribution to maintaining cellular proteostasis.
Research Organization:
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0008504
OSTI ID:
1440550
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1246436
Journal Information:
Journal of Molecular Biology, Journal Name: Journal of Molecular Biology Journal Issue: 18 Vol. 427; ISSN 0022-2836
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (109)

Function in protein folding of TRiC, a cytosolic ring complex containing TCP-1 and structurally related subunits. journal December 1992
Three conformations of an archaeal chaperonin, TF55 from Sulfolobus shibatae journal February 2000
ATPase cycle of an archaeal chaperonin journal June 2000
Crystal structure of the β-apical domain of the thermosome reveals structural plasticity in the protrusion region 1 1Edited by D. Rees journal August 2000
Analysis of the Interaction between the Eukaryotic Chaperonin CCT and Its Substrates Actin and Tubulin journal August 2001
Flexible interwoven termini determine the thermal stability of thermosomes journal May 2013
The molecular chaperone TF55: Assesment of symmetry journal March 1994
Mechanism of GroEL action: Productive release of polypeptide from a sequestered position under groes journal November 1995
The eighth Cct gene, Cctq, encoding the theta subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin containing TCP-1 journal January 1995
Structure of the Molecular Chaperone Prefoldin journal November 2000
Structure of the Substrate Binding Domain of the Thermosome, an Archaeal Group II Chaperonin journal October 1997
Crystal Structure of the Thermosome, the Archaeal Chaperonin and Homolog of CCT journal April 1998
Closing the Folding Chamber of the Eukaryotic Chaperonin Requires the Transition State of ATP Hydrolysis journal May 2003
Thermodynamics of nucleotide binding to the chaperonin GroEL studied by isothermal titration calorimetry: evidence for noncooperative nucleotide binding journal May 1999
EMBOSS: The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite journal June 2000
Protein folding in vivo: the importance of molecular chaperones journal February 2000
Formation of the VHL–Elongin BC Tumor Suppressor Complex Is Mediated by the Chaperonin TRiC journal December 1999
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Middle Segment of Hsp90: Implications for ATP Hydrolysis and Client Protein and Cochaperone Interactions journal March 2003
The CCT Chaperonin Promotes Activation of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex through the Generation of Functional Cdc20 journal July 2003
Tumorigenic Mutations in VHL Disrupt Folding In Vivo by Interfering with Chaperonin Binding journal November 2003
Chaperonins: The hunt for the Group II mechanism journal June 2008
Affinity purification reveals the association of WD40 protein constitutive photomorphogenic 1 with the hetero-oligomeric TCP-1 chaperonin complex in mammalian cells journal January 2006
Systems Analyses Reveal Two Chaperone Networks with Distinct Functions in Eukaryotic Cells journal January 2006
Dual Action of ATP Hydrolysis Couples Lid Closure to Substrate Release into the Group II Chaperonin Chamber journal January 2011
The Structural Basis of Substrate Recognition by the Eukaryotic Chaperonin TRiC/CCT journal November 2014
Proteostatic Control of Telomerase Function through TRiC-Mediated Folding of TCAB1 journal December 2014
Function of phosducin-like proteins in G protein signaling and chaperone-assisted protein folding journal December 2007
A Gradient of ATP Affinities Generates an Asymmetric Power Stroke Driving the Chaperonin TRIC/CCT Folding Cycle journal October 2012
Genome-Scale RNAi Screen for Host Factors Required for HIV Replication journal November 2008
The Asymmetric ATPase Cycle of the Thermosome: Elucidation of the Binding, Hydrolysis and Product-release Steps journal September 2006
Yeast Phosducin-Like Protein 2 Acts as a Stimulatory Co-Factor for the Folding of Actin by the Chaperonin CCT via a Ternary Complex journal August 2009
Chaperonin TRiC Promotes the Assembly of polyQ Expansion Proteins into Nontoxic Oligomers journal September 2006
Interaction of p53 with the CCT Complex Promotes Protein Folding and Wild-Type p53 Activity journal June 2013
Reconstitution of the human chaperonin CCT by co-expression of the eight distinct subunits in mammalian cells journal March 2012
A cradle for new proteins: trigger factor at the ribosome journal April 2005
The folding of single domain proteins—have we reached a consensus? journal February 2011
Crystal Structure of Group II Chaperonin in the Open State journal October 2010
Cryo-EM Structure of a Group II Chaperonin in the Prehydrolysis ATP-Bound State Leading to Lid Closure journal May 2011
The Molecular Architecture of the Eukaryotic Chaperonin TRiC/CCT journal May 2012
Mechanism of the eukaryotic chaperonin: protein folding in the chamber of secrets journal November 2004
Chaperonins: two rings for folding journal August 2011
Folding the proteome journal July 2013
Chaperonin TRiC/CCT participates in replication of hepatitis C virus genome via interaction with the viral NS5B protein journal February 2011
Conformational Rearrangements of Tail-less Complex Polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) Ring Complex (TRiC)-Bound Actin journal April 2007
Domain-Specific Chaperone-Induced Expansion Is Required for β-Actin Folding:  A Comparison of β-Actin Conformations upon Interactions with GroEL and Tail-less Complex Polypeptide 1 Ring Complex (TRiC) journal October 2007
OpenMM 4: A Reusable, Extensible, Hardware Independent Library for High Performance Molecular Simulation journal November 2012
TCP1 complex is a molecular chaperone in tubulin biogenesis journal July 1992
Folding of nascent polypeptide chains in a high molecular mass assembly with molecular chaperones journal July 1994
The crystal structure of the bacterial chaperonln GroEL at 2.8 Å journal October 1994
Specificity in chaperonin-mediated protein folding journal May 1995
The crystal structure of the asymmetric GroEL–GroES–(ADP)7 chaperonin complex journal August 1997
Eukaryotic type II chaperonin CCT interacts with actin through specific subunits journal December 1999
The crystal structure of yeast CCT reveals intrinsic asymmetry of eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonins journal June 2011
Symmetry-free cryo-EM structures of the chaperonin TRiC along its ATPase-driven conformational cycle: Symmetry-free Cryo-EM structures of the chaperonin TRiC journal November 2011
Mechanism of nucleotide sensing in group II chaperonins: Nucleotide sensing in group II chaperonins journal December 2011
Mechanism of folding chamber closure in a group II chaperonin journal January 2010
Global landscape of HIV–human protein complexes journal December 2011
The chaperonin TRiC controls polyglutamine aggregation and toxicity through subunit-specific interactions journal September 2006
Cytosolic chaperonin prevents polyglutamine toxicity with altering the aggregation state journal September 2006
Conformational variability in the refined structure of the chaperonin GroEL at 2.8 Å resolution journal December 1995
Mechanism of lid closure in the eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT journal June 2008
The structure of CCT–Hsc70NBD suggests a mechanism for Hsp70 delivery of substrates to the chaperonin journal July 2008
Defining the TRiC/CCT interactome links chaperonin function to stabilization of newly made proteins with complex topologies journal November 2008
The chaperonin TRiC blocks a huntingtin sequence element that promotes the conformational switch to aggregation journal November 2009
Crystal structure of the open conformation of the mammalian chaperonin CCT in complex with tubulin journal December 2010
Essential function of the built-in lid in the allosteric regulation of eukaryotic and archaeal chaperonins journal April 2007
The inter-ring arrangement of the cytosolic chaperonin CCT journal February 2007
Structure of the complex between the cytosolic chaperonin CCT and phosducin-like protein journal December 2004
Cytosolic chaperonin protects folding intermediates of Gbeta from aggregation by recognizing hydrophobic beta-strands journal May 2006
4.0-A resolution cryo-EM structure of the mammalian chaperonin TRiC/CCT reveals its unique subunit arrangement journal March 2010
Sensing cooperativity in ATP hydrolysis for single multisubunit enzymes in solution journal September 2011
Subunit order of eukaryotic TRiC/CCT chaperonin by cross-linking, mass spectrometry, and combinatorial homology modeling journal February 2012
Regulatory interaction of phosducin-like protein with the cytosolic chaperonin complex journal June 2002
Folding of large multidomain proteins by partial encapsulation in the chaperonin TRiC/CCT journal November 2012
Structures of the Gβ-CCT and PhLP1–Gβ-CCT complexes reveal a mechanism for G-protein β-subunit folding and Gβγ dimer assembly journal February 2015
Electrostatics of nanosystems: Application to microtubules and the ribosome journal August 2001
The Kinetics of Formation of Native Ribonuclease During Oxidation of the Reduced Polypeptide Chain journal September 1961
A yeast TCP-1-like protein is required for actin function in vivo. journal September 1994
A structural model for GroEL-polypeptide recognition journal April 1997
GroES in the asymmetric GroEL14-GroES7 complex exchanges via an associative mechanism journal March 1999
Crystal Structures of a Group II Chaperonin Reveal the Open and Closed States Associated with the Protein Folding Cycle journal June 2010
Programmed Cell Death Protein 5 Interacts with the Cytosolic Chaperonin Containing Tailless Complex Polypeptide 1 (CCT) to Regulate β-Tubulin Folding journal February 2014
The Molecular Chaperone TRiC/CCT Binds to the Trp-Asp 40 (WD40) Repeat Protein WDR68 and Promotes Its Folding, Protein Kinase DYRK1A Binding, and Nuclear Accumulation journal November 2014
Characterization of Archaeal Group II Chaperonin-ADP-Metal Fluoride Complexes journal December 2005
PhLP3 Modulates CCT-mediated Actin and Tubulin Folding via Ternary Complexes with Substrates journal March 2006
Elucidation of Steps in the Capture of a Protein Substrate for Efficient Encapsulation by GroE journal July 2006
A eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin is associated with a high molecular weight intermediate in the assembly of hepatitis B virus capsid, a multimeric particle. journal April 1994
Compartmentation of protein folding invivo: sequestration of non-native polypeptide by the chaperonin-GimC system journal January 1999
In vivo newly translated polypeptides are sequestered in a protected folding environment journal January 1999
MtGimC, a novel archaeal chaperone related to the eukaryotic chaperonin cofactor GimC/prefoldin journal December 1999
Effects of macromolecular crowding on protein folding and aggregation journal December 1999
Eukaryotic chaperonin CCT stabilizes actin and tubulin folding intermediates in open quasi-native conformations journal November 2000
Structure of eukaryotic prefoldin and of its complexes with unfolded actin and the cytosolic chaperonin CCT journal December 2002
Hereditary sensory neuropathy is caused by a mutation in the delta subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin-containing t-complex peptide-1 (Cct4 ) gene journal July 2003
Differential substrate specificity of group I and group II chaperonins in the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei journal December 2009
Chaperonins from an Antarctic archaeon are predominantly monomeric: crystal structure of an open state monomer: Monomeric open state group II chaperonin structure journal April 2011
Multiple chaperonins in bacteria – why so many? journal July 2009
Molecular Chaperones in the Cytosol: from Nascent Chain to Folded Protein journal March 2002
Dynamics of the chaperonin ATPase cycle: implications for facilitated protein folding journal July 1994
Cellular Chaperonin CCT  Contributes to Rabies Virus Replication during Infection journal May 2013
Type D Retrovirus Gag Polyprotein Interacts with the Cytosolic Chaperonin TRiC journal March 2001
Mutation in the epsilon subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin-containing t-complex peptide-1 (Cct5) gene causes autosomal recessive mutilating sensory neuropathy with spastic paraplegia journal September 2005
Molecular Chaperone Functions in Protein Folding and Proteostasis journal June 2013
Folding of Newly Translated Proteins In Vivo: The Role of Molecular Chaperones journal June 2001
The Search for Folding Intermediates and the Mechanism of Protein Folding journal June 2008
Two Families of Chaperonin: Physiology and Mechanism journal November 2007
Modulation of STAT3 Folding and Function by TRiC/CCT Chaperonin journal April 2014
ATP Dependent Rotational Motion of Group II Chaperonin Observed by X-ray Single Molecule Tracking journal May 2013
The TRiC/CCT Chaperone Is Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease Based on Patient GWAS and an RNAi Screen in Aβ-Expressing Caenorhabditis elegans journal July 2014

Cited By (52)

Repair or destruction-an intimate liaison between ubiquitin ligases and molecular chaperones in proteostasis journal July 2017
Characterization of group II chaperonins from an acidothermophilic archaeon Picrophilus torridus journal June 2016
In Vivo Function of the Chaperonin TRiC in α-Actin Folding during Sarcomere Assembly journal January 2018
An information theoretic framework reveals a tunable allosteric network in group II chaperonins journal July 2017
The ubiquitin ligase UBR5 suppresses proteostasis collapse in pluripotent stem cells from Huntington’s disease patients journal July 2018
Structural and functional analysis of the role of the chaperonin CCT in mTOR complex assembly journal June 2019
Chaperonin CCT checkpoint function in basal transcription factor TFIID assembly journal December 2018
Large-scale aggregation analysis of eukaryotic proteins reveals an involvement of intrinsically disordered regions in protein folding journal January 2018
Insights into the ubiquitin-proteasome system of human embryonic stem cells journal March 2018
Investigating Chaperonin-Containing TCP-1 subunit 2 as an essential component of the chaperonin complex for tumorigenesis journal January 2020
Differential conformational modulations of MreB folding upon interactions with GroEL/ES and TRiC chaperonin components journal June 2016
Functional characterization of chaperonin containing T-complex polypeptide-1 and its conserved and novel substrates in Arabidopsis journal March 2019
Hetero-oligomeric CPN60 resembles highly symmetric group I chaperonin structure revealed by Cryo-EM posted_content October 2018
REP-X: An Evolution-guided Strategy for the Rational Design of Cysteine-less Protein Variants journal October 2019
Replacement of GroEL in Escherichia coli by the Group II Chaperonin from the Archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis journal July 2016
Mutation in the Zebrafish cct2 Gene Leads to Abnormalities of Cell Cycle and Cell Death in the Retina: A Model of CCT2-Related Leber Congenital Amaurosis journal February 2018
Structural insight into the cooperation of chloroplast chaperonin subunits journal April 2016
Expression and diagnostic value of CCT3 and IQGAP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma journal July 2016
Molecular chaperones: guardians of the proteome in normal and disease states journal January 2015
Asymmetry in the function and dynamics of the cytosolic group II chaperonin CCT/TRiC journal May 2017
Cellular Proteomes Drive Tissue-Specific Regulation of the Heat Shock Response journal January 2017
Chaperonin containing TCP-1 subunit 3 is critical for gastric cancer growth journal December 2017
Engineering and Evolution of Molecular Chaperones and Protein Disaggregases with Enhanced Activity journal March 2016
Chloroplast Chaperonin: An Intricate Protein Folding Machine for Photosynthesis journal January 2018
Single-Ring Intermediates Are Essential for Some Chaperonins journal April 2018
Protein Quality Control by Molecular Chaperones in Neurodegeneration journal April 2017
Contribution of the Type II Chaperonin, TRiC/CCT, to Oncogenesis journal November 2015
On the nature of the optimal form of the holdase‐type chaperone stress response journal August 2019
Chaperones in sporadic inclusion body myositis—Validation of proteomic data journal November 2019
Molecular Chaperones: Structure-Function Relationship and their Role in Protein Folding book May 2018
Mechanisms of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) maintain stem cell identity in mammalian pluripotent stem cells journal July 2017
REP-X: An Evolution-guided Strategy for the Rational Design of Cysteine-less Protein Variants journal February 2020
Protein cages and synthetic polymers: a fruitful symbiosis for drug delivery applications, bionanotechnology and materials science journal January 2016
Heat shock response in archaea journal November 2018
Identification of key sites controlling protein functional motions by using elastic network model combined with internal coordinates journal July 2019
The chaperonin TRiC/CCT is essential for the action of bacterial glycosylating protein toxins like Clostridium difficile toxins A and B journal September 2018
Chaperone-client interactions: Non-specificity engenders multifunctionality journal June 2017
A cytosolic chaperone complex controls folding and degradation of type III CD38 journal January 2019
Vacuolar ATPase as a possible therapeutic target in human acute myeloid leukemia journal November 2017
Pathways of cellular proteostasis in aging and disease journal November 2017
A systematic atlas of chaperome deregulation topologies across the human cancer landscape journal May 2017
Structural analysis of Sulfolobus solfataricus TF55β chaperonin in open and filamentous states posted_content February 2021
E2F coregulates an essential HSF developmental program that is distinct from the heat-shock response journal September 2016
The proteostasis network provides targets for neurodegeneration journal May 2019
T-complex protein 1-ring complex enhances retrograde axonal transport by modulating tau phosphorylation journal September 2018
The CCT chaperonin is a novel regulator of Ca 2+ signaling through modulation of Orai1 trafficking journal September 2018
Structural investigation of a chaperonin in action reveals how nucleotide binding regulates the functional cycle journal September 2018
In vivo aspects of protein folding and quality control journal June 2016
A systematic atlas of chaperome deregulation topologies across the human cancer landscape journal January 2018
A systematic atlas of chaperome deregulation topologies across the human cancer landscape text January 2018
Chaperoning the Mononegavirales: Current Knowledge and Future Directions preprint November 2018
Chaperoning the Mononegavirales: Current Knowledge and Future Directions journal December 2018

Similar Records

Visualizing nucleation, condensation and propagation of β-tubulin folding in chaperonin TRiC
Journal Article · Mon Aug 11 20:00:00 EDT 2025 · BioRxiv · OSTI ID:2575658

Three conformations of an Archaeal chaperonin, TF55 from Sulfolobus shibatae.
Journal Article · Thu Feb 24 23:00:00 EST 2000 · J. Mol. Biol. · OSTI ID:942740

Structure of the gene coding for the mouse TRiC-P5 subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin TRiC
Journal Article · Sun Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1995 · Genomics · OSTI ID:478840

Related Subjects