A global perspective on wetland salinization: ecological consequences of a growing threat to freshwater wetlands

Herbert, Ellen R.; Boon, Paul; Burgin, Amy J.; Neubauer, Scott C.; Franklin, Rima B.; Ardon, Marcelo; Hopfensperger, Kristine N.; Lamers, Leon P.  M.; Gell, Peter

doi:10.1890/ES14-00534.1

A global perspective on wetland salinization: ecological consequences of a growing threat to freshwater wetlands

Journal Article · Thu Oct 29 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Ecosphere

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00534.1· OSTI ID:1438199

Herbert, Ellen R. ^[1]; Boon, Paul ^[2]; Burgin, Amy J. ^[3]; Neubauer, Scott C. ^[4]; Franklin, Rima B. ^[4]; Ardon, Marcelo ^[5]; Hopfensperger, Kristine N. ^[6]; Lamers, Leon P. M. ^[7]; Gell, Peter ^[8]

Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States); Indiana University
Victoria Univ. (New Zealand)
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond, VA (United States)
East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC (United States)
Northern Kentucky Univ., Highland Heights, KY (United States)
Radboud Univ., Nijmegen (Netherlands)
Federation Univ. Australia, Mt. Helen, VIC (Australia)

Salinization, a widespread threat to the structure and ecological functioning of inland and coastal wetlands, is currently occurring at an unprecedented rate and geographic scale. The causes of salinization are diverse and include alterations to freshwater flows, land-clearance, irrigation, disposal of wastewater effluent, sea level rise, storm surges, and applications of de-icing salts. Climate change and anthropogenic modifications to the hydrologic cycle are expected to further increase the extent and severity of wetland salinization. Salinization alters the fundamental physicochemical nature of the soil-water environment, increasing ionic concentrations and altering chemical equilibria and mineral solubility. Increased concentrations of solutes, especially sulfate, alter the biogeochemical cycling of major elements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and silica. The effects of salinization on wetland biogeochemistry typically include decreased inorganic nitrogen removal (with implications for water quality and climate regulation), decreased carbon storage (with implications for climate regulation and wetland accretion), and increased generation of toxic sulfides (with implications for nutrient cycling and the health/functioning of wetland biota). Indeed, increased salt and sulfide concentrations induce physiological stress in wetland biota and ultimately can result in large shifts in wetland communities and their associated ecosystem functions. The productivity and composition of freshwater species assemblages will be highly altered, and there is a high potential for the disruption of existing interspecific interactions. Although there is a wealth of information on how salinization impacts individual ecosystem components, relatively few studies have addressed the complex and often non-linear feedbacks that determine ecosystem-scale responses or considered how wetland salinization will affect landscape-level processes. Although the salinization of wetlands may be unavoidable in many cases, these systems may also prove to be a fertile testing ground for broader ecological theories including (but not limited to): investigations into alternative stable states and tipping points, trophic cascades, disturbance-recovery processes, and the role of historical events and landscape context in driving community response to disturbance.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-06ER64298

OSTI ID:: 1438199

Journal Information:: Ecosphere, Journal Name: Ecosphere Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 6; ISSN 2150-8925

Publisher:: Ecological Society of AmericaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Salinity pulses interact with seasonal dry‐down to increase ecosystem carbon loss in marshes of the Florida Everglades Wilson, Benjamin J.; Servais, Shelby; Mazzei, Viviana Ecological Applications, Vol. 28, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1798	journal	October 2018
Incorporating thresholds into understanding salinity tolerance: A study using salt-tolerant plants in salt marshes He, Qiang; Silliman, Brian R.; Cui, Baoshan Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 7, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3209	journal	July 2017
Predicting landscape effects of Mississippi River diversions on soil organic carbon sequestration Wang, Hongqing; Steyer, Gregory D.; Couvillion, Brady R. Ecosphere, Vol. 8, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1984	journal	November 2017
Phosphorus alleviation of salinity stress: effects of saltwater intrusion on an Everglades freshwater peat marsh Wilson, Benjamin J.; Servais, Shelby; Charles, Sean P. Ecology, Vol. 100, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2672	journal	April 2019
Effects of saltwater infiltration on nested groundwater flow systems Zhang, Xiaolang; Jiao, Jiu Jimmy; Luo, Xin https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10502026.1	posted_content	January 2020
Barriers to and opportunities for landward migration of coastal wetlands with sea-level rise Enwright, Nicholas M.; Griffith, Kereen T.; Osland, Michael J. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1282	journal	August 2016
Tidal extension and sea-level rise: recommendations for a research agenda Ensign, Scott H.; Noe, Gregory B. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1745	journal	January 2018
Wetland Effects on Global Climate: Mechanisms, Impacts, and Management Recommendations Neubauer, Scott C.; Verhoeven, Jos T. A. Ecological Studies https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14861-4_3	book	January 2019
Comparative Analysis of Anuran Amphibian Skin Microbiomes Across Inland and Coastal Wetlands Albecker, Molly A.; Belden, Lisa K.; McCoy, Michael W. Microbial Ecology, Vol. 78, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1295-9	journal	December 2018
Decadal-Scale Vegetation Change Driven by Salinity at Leading Edge of Rising Sea Level Taillie, Paul J.; Moorman, Christopher E.; Poulter, Benjamin Ecosystems, Vol. 22, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00382-w	journal	April 2019
Effect of Drought-Induced Salinization on Wetland Methane Emissions, Gross Ecosystem Productivity, and Their Interactions Chamberlain, Samuel D.; Hemes, Kyle S.; Eichelmann, Elke Ecosystems, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00430-5	journal	August 2019
Resilience of coastal freshwater wetland vegetation of subtropical Australia to rising sea levels and altered hydrology Grieger, Rebekah; Capon, Samantha; Hadwen, Wade Regional Environmental Change, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1399-2	journal	August 2018
Testing salt stress on aquatic plants: effect of salt source and substrate Tootoonchi, Mohsen; Gettys, Lyn A. Aquatic Ecology, Vol. 53, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-019-09692-6	journal	April 2019
Differential effects of chronic and acute simulated seawater intrusion on tidal freshwater marsh carbon cycling Herbert, Ellen R.; Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph; Craft, Christopher B. Biogeochemistry, Vol. 138, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0436-z	journal	March 2018
Salinity effects on greenhouse gas emissions from wetland soils are contingent upon hydrologic setting: a microcosm experiment Ardón, Marcelo; Helton, Ashley M.; Bernhardt, Emily S. Biogeochemistry, Vol. 140, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0486-2	journal	August 2018
Soils in transition: saltwater intrusion alters soil chemistry in agricultural fields Tully, Katherine L.; Weissman, Danielle; Wyner, W. Jesse Biogeochemistry, Vol. 142, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00538-9	journal	January 2019
Model instability and channel connectivity for 2D coastal marsh simulations Li, Z.; Hodges, B. R. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-018-9623-7	journal	September 2018
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic and metabolic pathways and its role in higher plants: a review Wu, Yue; Liao, Weibiao; Dawuda, Mohammed Mujitaba Plant Growth Regulation, Vol. 87, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-018-0463-8	journal	December 2018
Linking residential saltwater intrusion risk perceptions to physical exposure of climate change impacts in rural coastal communities of North Carolina Bhattachan, Abinash; Jurjonas, Matthew D.; Morris, Priscilla R. Natural Hazards, Vol. 97, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03706-0	journal	July 2019
Seasonal and Long-Term Dynamics in Stream Water Sodium Chloride Concentrations and the Effectiveness of Road Salt Best Management Practices Kelly, Victoria R.; Findlay, Stuart E.; Hamilton, Stephen K. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, Vol. 230, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-4060-2	journal	January 2019
Linking variability in climate to wetland habitat suitability: is it possible to forecast regional responses from simple climate measures? Davis, Courtney L.; Miller, David A. W.; Campbell Grant, Evan H. Wetlands Ecology and Management, Vol. 27, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-018-9639-2	journal	November 2018
A Landscape-Scale Assessment of Above- and Belowground Primary Production in Coastal Wetlands: Implications for Climate Change-Induced Community Shifts Stagg, Camille L.; Schoolmaster, Donald R.; Piazza, Sarai C. Estuaries and Coasts, Vol. 40, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0177-y	journal	October 2016
Declines in Plant Productivity Drive Carbon Loss from Brackish Coastal Wetland Mesocosms Exposed to Saltwater Intrusion Wilson, Benjamin J.; Servais, Shelby; Charles, Sean P. Estuaries and Coasts, Vol. 41, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-018-0438-z	journal	July 2018
Assessing the ability of zebrafish scales to contribute to the short-term homeostatic regulation of [Ca2+] in the extracellular fluid during calcemic challenges Hung, Jacky T.; Webb, Sarah E.; Palumbo, Carla Fisheries Science, Vol. 85, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-019-01353-9	journal	September 2019
Ecological Value of the Sorokaoziorki Wetland Complex in the Steppe of Central Eurasia (Khakassia, Russian Federation) Popov, Igor; Sinelshikova, Alexandra; Markovets, Mikhail Wetlands, Vol. 39, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1018-5	journal	February 2018
Wetlands In a Changing Climate: Science, Policy and Management Moomaw, William R.; Chmura, G. L.; Davies, Gillian T. Wetlands, Vol. 38, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1023-8	journal	April 2018
Biogeochemical Characteristics of the Last Floating Coastal Bog Remnant in Europe, the Sehestedt Bog van Dijk, Gijs; Fritz, Christian; Straathof, Nicko Wetlands, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1089-3	journal	October 2018
Denitrification Potential and Carbon Mineralization in Restored and Unrestored Coastal Wetland Soils Across an Urban Landscape Doroski, April A.; Helton, Ashley M.; Vadas, Timothy M. Wetlands, Vol. 39, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01128-z	journal	April 2019
Environmental Controls on CO2 Exchange along a Salinity Gradient in a Saline Boreal Fen in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region Volik, Olena; Petrone, Richard M.; Quanz, Meaghan Wetlands, Vol. 40, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01257-5	journal	December 2019
Herpetofauna Occupancy and Community Composition along a Tidal Swamp Salinity Gradient Godfrey, S. T.; Waddle, J. H.; Baldwin, R. F. Wetlands, Vol. 40, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01260-w	journal	January 2020
Modulators of mercury risk to wildlife and humans in the context of rapid global change Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Silbergeld, Ellen K.; Basu, Niladri Ambio, Vol. 47, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-1011-x	journal	January 2018
A global dataset of surface water and groundwater salinity measurements from 1980–2019 Thorslund, Josefin; van Vliet, Michelle T. H. Scientific Data, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0562-z	journal	July 2020
Assisted natural recovery of hypersaline sediments: salinity thresholds for the establishment of a community of bioturbating organisms Remaili, Timothy M.; Simpson, Stuart L.; Bennett, William W. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, Vol. 20, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8em00092a	journal	January 2018
Salting our freshwater lakes Dugan, Hilary A.; Bartlett, Sarah L.; Burke, Samantha M. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620211114	journal	April 2017
Assessment of soil salinisation in the Ejina Oasis located in the lower reaches of Heihe River, Northwestern China Zhao, Yu; Feng, Qi; Lu, Aigang Chemistry and Ecology, Vol. 35, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2018.1554060	journal	December 2018
The Invisible Flood: The Chemistry, Ecology, and Social Implications of Coastal Saltwater Intrusion Tully, Kate; Gedan, Keryn; Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca BioScience, Vol. 69, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz027	journal	May 2019
Salt in freshwaters: causes, effects and prospects - introduction to the theme issue Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel; Kefford, Ben; Schäfer, Ralf Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 374, Issue 1764 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0002	journal	December 2018
Lost in translation: the German literature on freshwater salinization Schulz, Claus-Jürgen; Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 374, Issue 1764 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0007	journal	December 2018
Do all roads lead to Rome? Exploring community trajectories in response to anthropogenic salinization and dilution of rivers Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano; Sánchez-Fernández, David; Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 374, Issue 1764 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0009	journal	December 2018
Salinity impacts on river ecosystem processes: a critical mini-review Berger, Elisabeth; Frör, Oliver; Schäfer, Ralf B. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 374, Issue 1764 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0010	journal	December 2018
Evolved tolerance to freshwater salinization in zooplankton: life-history trade-offs, cross-tolerance and reducing cascading effects Hintz, William D.; Jones, Devin K.; Relyea, Rick A. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 374, Issue 1764 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0012	journal	December 2018
Regulations are needed to protect freshwater ecosystems from salinization Schuler, Matthew S.; Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel; Hintz, William D. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 374, Issue 1764 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0019	journal	December 2018
Temperature affects acute mayfly responses to elevated salinity: implications for toxicity of road de-icing salts Jackson, John K.; Funk, David H. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 374, Issue 1764 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0081	journal	December 2018
Genomic signature of ongoing alkaline adaptation in a Schizothoracine fish (Cyprinidae) inhabiting soda lake on the Tibetan Plateau Tong, Chao; Li, Miao; Tang, Yongtao bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/813501	posted_content	October 2019
Genomic signature of accelerated evolution in a saline-alkaline lake-dwelling Schizothoracine fish Tong, Chao; Li, Miao International Journal of Biological Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1101/825885	journal	January 2020
Direct and indirect controls on organic matter decomposition in four coastal wetland communities along a landscape salinity gradient Stagg, Camille L.; Baustian, Melissa M.; Perry, Carey L. Journal of Ecology, Vol. 106, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12901	journal	December 2017
A Review of Water Quality Responses to Air Temperature and Precipitation Changes 1: Flow, Water Temperature, Saltwater Intrusion Paul, Michael J.; Coffey, Rory; Stamp, Jen JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12710	journal	December 2018
Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity Reid, Andrea J.; Carlson, Andrew K.; Creed, Irena F. Biological Reviews, Vol. 94, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12480	journal	November 2018
A review of the species, community, and ecosystem impacts of road salt salinisation in fresh waters Hintz, William D.; Relyea, Rick A. Freshwater Biology, Vol. 64, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13286	journal	March 2019
A meta-analysis of soil salinization effects on nitrogen pools, cycles and fluxes in coastal ecosystems Zhou, Minghua; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus; Vereecken, Harry Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13430	journal	August 2016
Novel microbial community composition and carbon biogeochemistry emerge over time following saltwater intrusion in wetlands Dang, Chansotheary; Morrissey, Ember M.; Neubauer, Scott C. Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14486	journal	December 2018
Influence of salt stress on propagation, growth and nutrient uptake of typical aquatic plant species Chen, Xin; Cheng, Xianwei; Zhu, Hui Nordic Journal of Botany, Vol. 37, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02411	journal	December 2019
Xylem–phloem hydraulic coupling explains multiple osmoregulatory responses to salt stress Perri, Saverio; Katul, Gabriel G.; Molini, Annalisa New Phytologist, Vol. 224, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16072	journal	June 2019
Saving freshwater from salts Canedo-Arguelles, M.; Hawkins, C. P.; Kefford, B. J. Science, Vol. 351, Issue 6276 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad3488	journal	February 2016
Coastal Land Use in Northeast Brazil: Mangrove Coverage Evolution Over Three Decades Pelage, Latifa; Domalain, Gilles; Lira, Alex S. Tropical Conservation Science, Vol. 12 https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082918822411	journal	January 2019
First human impacts and responses of aquatic systems: A review of palaeolimnological records from around the world Dubois, Nathalie; Saulnier-Talbot, Émilie; Mills, Keely The Anthropocene Review, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019617740365	journal	December 2017
Bird community shifts associated with saltwater exposure in coastal forests at the leading edge of rising sea level Taillie, Paul J.; Moorman, Christopher E.; Smart, Lindsey S. PLOS ONE, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216540	journal	May 2019
Bund removal to re-establish tidal flow, remove aquatic weeds and restore coastal wetland services—North Queensland, Australia Abbott, Brett N.; Wallace, Jim; Nicholas, David M. PLOS ONE, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217531	journal	January 2020
Chronic Exposure to High Concentrations of Road Salt Decreases the Immune Response of Dragonfly Larvae Mangahas, Racquelle S.; Murray, Rosalind L.; McCauley, Shannon J. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00376	journal	October 2019
Evolutionary history influences the salinity preference of bacterial taxa in wetland soils Morrissey, Ember M.; Franklin, Rima B. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01013	journal	October 2015
Impacts of Elevated CO2 Levels on the Soil Bacterial Community in a Natural CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Area Ma, Jing; Luo, Zhanbin; Chen, Fu Diversity, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/d11050077	journal	May 2019
Effects of Tidal Scenarios on the Methane Emission Dynamics in the Subtropical Tidal Marshes of the Min River Estuary in Southeast China Huang, Jiafang; Luo, Min; Liu, Yuxiu International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 16, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152790	journal	August 2019
Assessing the Changes of Ecosystem Services in the Nansi Lake Wetland, China Wang, Fan; Zhang, Shaoliang; Hou, Huping Water, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040788	journal	April 2019
First human impacts and responses of aquatic systems: A review of palaeolimnological records from around the world Dubois, Nathalie; Saulnier-Talbot, Emilie; Mills, Keely ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000232543	text	January 2018
Carbon degradation in agricultural soils flooded with seawater after managed coastal realignment Sjogaard, Kamilla S.; Treusch, Alexander H.; Valdemarsen, Thomas B. Biogeosciences Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2016-417	journal	November 2016

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
biodiversity
biogeochemistry
ecosystem services
global change
hydrology
non-linear feedbacks
salinification
salinization
saltwater intrusion
wetland

A global perspective on wetland salinization: ecological consequences of a growing threat to freshwater wetlands

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