Hydro-instability growth of perturbation seeds from alternate capsule-support strategies in indirect-drive implosions on National Ignition Facility
Abstract
Hydrodynamic instability growth of the capsule support membranes (or “tents”) and fill tubes has been studied in spherical, glow discharge polymer plastic capsule implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In NIF implosions, the capsules are supported by tents because the nominal 10-μm thick fill tubes are not strong enough to support capsules by themselves. After it was recognized that the tents had a significant impact of implosion stability, new support methods were investigated, including thicker, 30-μm diameter fill tubes and cantilevered fill tubes, as described in this article. A new “sub-scale” version of the existing x-ray radiography platform was developed for measuring growing capsule perturbations in the acceleration phase of implosions. It was calibrated using hydrodynamic growth measurements of pre-imposed capsule modulations with Legendre modes of 60, 90, 110, and 140 at convergence ratios up to ~2.4. Subsequent experiments with 3-D perturbations have studied instability growth of 10-μm and 30-μm thick fill tubes to compare them with 30-nm thick tent perturbations at convergence ratios up to ~3. In other experiments, the perturbations from cantilevered fill tubes were measured and compared to the tent perturbations. The cantilevered fill tubes were supported by 12-μm thick SiC rods, offset by 100 μm,more »
- Authors:
-
more »
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1420290
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1400427
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-733705
Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X; TRN: US1801480
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; NA0001808
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 24; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION
Citation Formats
Martinez, D. A., Smalyuk, V. A., MacPhee, A. G., Milovich, J., Casey, D. T., Weber, C. R., Robey, H. F., Chen, K. -C., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J., Farrell, M., Felker, S., Field, J. E., Haan, S. W., Hammel, B. A., Hamza, A. V., Stadermann, M., Hsing, W. W., Kroll, J. J., Landen, O. L., Nikroo, A., Pickworth, L., and Rice, N. Hydro-instability growth of perturbation seeds from alternate capsule-support strategies in indirect-drive implosions on National Ignition Facility. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.4995568.
Martinez, D. A., Smalyuk, V. A., MacPhee, A. G., Milovich, J., Casey, D. T., Weber, C. R., Robey, H. F., Chen, K. -C., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J., Farrell, M., Felker, S., Field, J. E., Haan, S. W., Hammel, B. A., Hamza, A. V., Stadermann, M., Hsing, W. W., Kroll, J. J., Landen, O. L., Nikroo, A., Pickworth, L., & Rice, N. Hydro-instability growth of perturbation seeds from alternate capsule-support strategies in indirect-drive implosions on National Ignition Facility. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995568
Martinez, D. A., Smalyuk, V. A., MacPhee, A. G., Milovich, J., Casey, D. T., Weber, C. R., Robey, H. F., Chen, K. -C., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J., Farrell, M., Felker, S., Field, J. E., Haan, S. W., Hammel, B. A., Hamza, A. V., Stadermann, M., Hsing, W. W., Kroll, J. J., Landen, O. L., Nikroo, A., Pickworth, L., and Rice, N. Fri .
"Hydro-instability growth of perturbation seeds from alternate capsule-support strategies in indirect-drive implosions on National Ignition Facility". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995568. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1420290.
@article{osti_1420290,
title = {Hydro-instability growth of perturbation seeds from alternate capsule-support strategies in indirect-drive implosions on National Ignition Facility},
author = {Martinez, D. A. and Smalyuk, V. A. and MacPhee, A. G. and Milovich, J. and Casey, D. T. and Weber, C. R. and Robey, H. F. and Chen, K. -C. and Clark, D. S. and Crippen, J. and Farrell, M. and Felker, S. and Field, J. E. and Haan, S. W. and Hammel, B. A. and Hamza, A. V. and Stadermann, M. and Hsing, W. W. and Kroll, J. J. and Landen, O. L. and Nikroo, A. and Pickworth, L. and Rice, N.},
abstractNote = {Hydrodynamic instability growth of the capsule support membranes (or “tents”) and fill tubes has been studied in spherical, glow discharge polymer plastic capsule implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In NIF implosions, the capsules are supported by tents because the nominal 10-μm thick fill tubes are not strong enough to support capsules by themselves. After it was recognized that the tents had a significant impact of implosion stability, new support methods were investigated, including thicker, 30-μm diameter fill tubes and cantilevered fill tubes, as described in this article. A new “sub-scale” version of the existing x-ray radiography platform was developed for measuring growing capsule perturbations in the acceleration phase of implosions. It was calibrated using hydrodynamic growth measurements of pre-imposed capsule modulations with Legendre modes of 60, 90, 110, and 140 at convergence ratios up to ~2.4. Subsequent experiments with 3-D perturbations have studied instability growth of 10-μm and 30-μm thick fill tubes to compare them with 30-nm thick tent perturbations at convergence ratios up to ~3. In other experiments, the perturbations from cantilevered fill tubes were measured and compared to the tent perturbations. The cantilevered fill tubes were supported by 12-μm thick SiC rods, offset by 100 μm, 200 μm, and 300 μm from the capsule surfaces. Based on these experiments, 30-μm thick fill tubes and 300-μm offset cantilevered fill tubes were recommended for further tests using layered deuterium-tritium implosions. In conclusion, the effects of x-ray shadowing during the drive and oxygen-induced perturbations during target assembly produced additional seeds for instabilities and were also measured in these experiments.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4995568},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1420290},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
issn = {1070-664X},
number = 10,
volume = 24,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {10}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Progress towards ignition on the National Ignition Facility
journal, July 2013
- Edwards, M. J.; Patel, P. K.; Lindl, J. D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 7
Measurement of areal density modulation of laser-imploded shells through K -edge imaging
journal, September 2000
- Yaakobi, B.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Delettrez, J. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 9
First results of radiation-driven, layered deuterium-tritium implosions with a 3-shock adiabat-shaped drive at the National Ignition Facility
journal, August 2015
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Robey, H. F.; Döppner, T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 8
Extracting core shape from x-ray images at the National Ignition Facility
journal, October 2012
- Glenn, S. M.; Benedetti, L. R.; Bradley, D. K.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 10
Hydrodynamic growth experiments with the 3-D, “native-roughness” modulations on NIF
journal, May 2016
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Weber, S. V.; Casey, D.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 717
Evolution of Shell Nonuniformities near Peak Compression of a Spherical Implosion
journal, September 2001
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Goncharov, V. N.; Delettrez, J. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 15
Fuel gain exceeding unity in an inertially confined fusion implosion
journal, February 2014
- Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T.
- Nature, Vol. 506, Issue 7488
First Measurements of Fuel-Ablator Interface Instability Growth in Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, August 2016
- Weber, C. R.; Döppner, T.; Casey, D. T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 7
Experimental results of radiation-driven, layered deuterium-tritium implosions with adiabat-shaped drives at the National Ignition Facility
journal, October 2016
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Robey, H. F.; Döppner, T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 10
Stabilization of high-compression, indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions using a 4-shock adiabat-shaped drive
journal, August 2015
- MacPhee, A. G.; Peterson, J. L.; Casey, D. T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 8
Improvements to Formvar Tent Fabrication Using the Meniscus Coater
journal, January 2011
- Stadermann, M.; Letts, S. A.; Bhandarkar, S.
- Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 59, Issue 1
Update 2015 on Target Fabrication Requirements for NIF Layered Implosions, with Emphasis on Capsule Support and Oxygen Modulations in GDP
journal, September 2016
- Haan, S. W.; Clark, D. S.; Baxamusa, S. H.
- Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 70, Issue 2
Hydrodynamic instability growth of three-dimensional modulations in radiation-driven implosions with “low-foot” and “high-foot” drives at the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2017
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Weber, C. R.; Robey, H. F.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 4
Spherical Rayleigh–Taylor growth of three-dimensional broadband perturbations on OMEGA
journal, November 2009
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Hu, S. X.; Hager, J. D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 11
Onset of Hydrodynamic Mix in High-Velocity, Highly Compressed Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions
journal, August 2013
- Ma, T.; Patel, P. K.; Izumi, N.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 8
Initial performance results of the OMEGA laser system
journal, January 1997
- Boehly, T. R.; Brown, D. L.; Craxton, R. S.
- Optics Communications, Vol. 133, Issue 1-6
Performance of indirectly driven capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility using adiabat-shaping
journal, May 2016
- Robey, H. F.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Milovich, J. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 5
Reduced instability growth with high-adiabat high-foot implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, July 2014
- Casey, D. T.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Raman, K. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 90, Issue 1
Effect of the mounting membrane on shape in inertial confinement fusion implosions
journal, February 2015
- Nagel, S. R.; Haan, S. W.; Rygg, J. R.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 2
Point design targets, specifications, and requirements for the 2010 ignition campaign on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2011
- Haan, S. W.; Lindl, J. D.; Callahan, D. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 5
Mix and hydrodynamic instabilities on NIF
journal, June 2017
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Robey, H. F.; Casey, D. T.
- Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 12, Issue 06
Simulations and experiments of the growth of the “tent” perturbation in NIF ignition implosions
journal, May 2016
- Hammel, B. A.; Tommasini, R.; Clark, D. S.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 717
Experimental reduction of laser imprinting and Rayleigh–Taylor growth in spherically compressed, medium-Z-doped plastic targets
journal, June 2012
- Fiksel, G.; Hu, S. X.; Goncharov, V. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 6
Erratum: “Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012” [Phys. Plasmas 21, 020501 (2014)]
journal, December 2014
- Lindl, J. D.; Landen, O. L.; Edwards, J.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 12
Rayleigh-Taylor Growth Measurements in the Acceleration Phase of Spherical Implosions on OMEGA
journal, September 2009
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Hu, S. X.; Hager, J. D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 10
Rayleigh–Taylor instability in the deceleration phase of spherical implosion experiments
journal, June 2002
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Delettrez, J. A.; Goncharov, V. N.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 6
Development of the CD Symcap platform to study gas-shell mix in implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, September 2014
- Casey, D. T.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Tipton, R. E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 9
An in-flight radiography platform to measure hydrodynamic instability growth in inertial confinement fusion capsules at the National Ignition Facility
journal, July 2014
- Raman, K. S.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Casey, D. T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 7
High energy-density science on the National Ignition Facility
conference, January 1998
- Campbell, E. M.; Cauble, R.; Remington, B. A.
- The tenth American Physical Society topical conference on shock compression of condensed matter, AIP Conference Proceedings
The effects of target mounts in direct-drive implosions on OMEGA
journal, August 2009
- Igumenshchev, I. V.; Marshall, F. J.; Marozas, J. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 8
High-Adiabat High-Foot Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility
journal, February 2014
- Park, H. -S.; Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 5
First Measurements of Hydrodynamic Instability Growth in Indirectly Driven Implosions at Ignition-Relevant Conditions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2014
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Casey, D. T.; Clark, D. S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 18
Design of a High-Foot High-Adiabat ICF Capsule for the National Ignition Facility
journal, February 2014
- Dittrich, T. R.; Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 5
Shock timing experiments on the National Ignition Facility: Initial results and comparison with simulation
journal, April 2012
- Robey, H. F.; Boehly, T. R.; Celliers, P. M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 4
Differential ablator-fuel adiabat tuning in indirect-drive implosions
journal, March 2015
- Peterson, J. L.; Berzak Hopkins, L. F.; Jones, O. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 91, Issue 3
Symmetry control of an indirectly driven high-density-carbon implosion at high convergence and high velocity
journal, May 2017
- Divol, L.; Pak, A.; Berzak Hopkins, L. F.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5
Three-dimensional HYDRA simulations of National Ignition Facility targets
journal, May 2001
- Marinak, M. M.; Kerbel, G. D.; Gentile, N. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 8, Issue 5
Adiabat-shaping in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion
journal, May 2015
- Baker, K. L.; Robey, H. F.; Milovich, J. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5
Hot-Spot Mix in Ignition-Scale Inertial Confinement Fusion Targets
journal, July 2013
- Regan, S. P.; Epstein, R.; Hammel, B. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 4
Measurement of Hydrodynamic Growth near Peak Velocity in an Inertial Confinement Fusion Capsule Implosion using a Self-Radiography Technique
journal, July 2016
- Pickworth, L. A.; Hammel, B. A.; Smalyuk, V. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 3
Tent-induced perturbations on areal density of implosions at the National Ignition Facilitya)
journal, May 2015
- Tommasini, R.; Field, J. E.; Hammel, B. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5
Improving ICF implosion performance with alternative capsule supports
journal, May 2017
- Weber, C. R.; Casey, D. T.; Clark, D. S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5
Instability growth seeded by oxygen in CH shells on the National Ignition Facility
journal, March 2015
- Haan, S. W.; Huang, H.; Johnson, M. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 3
High-mode Rayleigh-Taylor growth in NIF ignition capsules
journal, June 2010
- Hammel, B. A.; Haan, S. W.; Clark, D. S.
- High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 2
The high-foot implosion campaign on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2014
- Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5
Hydrodynamic instability growth of three-dimensional, “native-roughness” modulations in x-ray driven, spherical implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, July 2015
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Weber, S. V.; Casey, D. T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 7
Performance of High-Convergence, Layered DT Implosions with Extended-Duration Pulses at the National Ignition Facility
journal, November 2013
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Atherton, L. J.; Benedetti, L. R.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 21
A survey of pulse shape options for a revised plastic ablator ignition design
journal, November 2014
- Clark, D. S.; Milovich, J. L.; Hinkel, D. E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 11
Validating hydrodynamic growth in National Ignition Facility implosionsa)
journal, May 2015
- Peterson, J. L.; Casey, D. T.; Hurricane, O. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5
XLVI. Hydrokinetic solutions and observations
journal, November 1871
- Thomson, William
- The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. 42, Issue 281
Photo-oxidation of Polymers Synthesized by Plasma and Initiated CVD
journal, November 2015
- Baxamusa, Salmaan H.; Suresh, Aravind; Ehrmann, Paul
- Chemical Vapor Deposition, Vol. 21, Issue 10-11-12
Laser Compression of Matter to Super-High Densities: Thermonuclear (CTR) Applications
journal, September 1972
- Nuckolls, John; Wood, Lowell; Thiessen, Albert
- Nature, Vol. 239, Issue 5368, p. 139-142
Fill-Tube-Induced Mass Perturbations on X-Ray-Driven, Ignition-Scale, Inertial-Confinement-Fusion Capsule Shells and the Implications for Ignition Experiments
journal, November 2007
- Bennett, G. R.; Herrmann, M. C.; Edwards, M. J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 20
Measurement and simulation of jet mass caused by a high-aspect ratio hole perturbation
journal, June 2010
- Keiter, P. A.; Elliott, J. B.; Blue, B. E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 6
Demonstration of High Performance in Layered Deuterium-Tritium Capsule Implosions in Uranium Hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility
journal, July 2015
- Döppner, T.; Callahan, D. A.; Hurricane, O. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 5
Instability of the interface of two gases accelerated by a shock wave
journal, January 1972
- Meshkov, E. E.
- Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 4, Issue 5
Hydrodynamic instability experiments with three-dimensional modulations at the National Ignition Facility
journal, January 2015
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Weber, S. V.; Casey, D. T.
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering, Vol. 3
Experimental techniques for measuring Rayleigh–Taylor instability in inertial confinement fusion
journal, October 2012
- Smalyuk, V. A.
- Physica Scripta, Vol. 86, Issue 5
Design of indirectly driven, high-compression Inertial Confinement Fusion implosions with improved hydrodynamic stability using a 4-shock adiabat-shaped drive
journal, December 2015
- Milovich, J. L.; Robey, H. F.; Clark, D. S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 12
Hydrodynamic instability growth and mix experiments at the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2014
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Barrios, M.; Caggiano, J. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5
Measurements of an Ablator-Gas Atomic Mix in Indirectly Driven Implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, January 2014
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Tipton, R. E.; Pino, J. E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 2
Taylor instability in shock acceleration of compressible fluids
journal, May 1960
- Richtmyer, Robert D.
- Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 13, Issue 2
Enhanced Delamination of Ultrathin Free-Standing Polymer Films via Self-Limiting Surface Modification
journal, April 2014
- Baxamusa, Salmaan H.; Stadermann, Michael; Aracne-Ruddle, Chantel
- Langmuir, Vol. 30, Issue 18
Mitigating Laser Imprint in Direct-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions with High- Dopants
journal, May 2012
- Hu, S. X.; Fiksel, G.; Goncharov, V. N.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 19
Thin Shell, High Velocity Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2015
- Ma, T.; Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 14
Improved Performance of High Areal Density Indirect Drive Implosions at the National Ignition Facility using a Four-Shock Adiabat Shaped Drive
journal, September 2015
- Casey, D. T.; Milovich, J. L.; Smalyuk, V. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 10
X-ray shadow imprint of hydrodynamic instabilities on the surface of inertial confinement fusion capsules by the fuel fill tube
journal, March 2017
- MacPhee, A. G.; Casey, D. T.; Clark, D. S.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 95, Issue 3
Observations of multimode perturbation decay at non-accelerating, soft x-ray driven ablation fronts
journal, December 2012
- Loomis, E. N.; Braun, D.; Batha, S. H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 12
Works referencing / citing this record:
Comparison of plastic, high density carbon, and beryllium as indirect drive NIF ablators
journal, May 2018
- Kritcher, A. L.; Clark, D.; Haan, S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
Visualizing deceleration-phase instabilities in inertial confinement fusion implosions using an “enhanced self-emission” technique at the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2018
- Pickworth, L. A.; Hammel, B. A.; Smalyuk, V. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
Hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by the X-ray shadow of ICF capsule fill-tubes
journal, August 2018
- MacPhee, A. G.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Landen, O. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 8
Development of new platforms for hydrodynamic instability and asymmetry measurements in deceleration phase of indirectly driven implosions on NIF
journal, August 2018
- Pickworth, L. A.; Hammel, B. A.; Smalyuk, V. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 8
Review of hydro-instability experiments with alternate capsule supports in indirect-drive implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, July 2018
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Robey, H. F.; Alday, C. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 7
A theoretical model for low-mode asymmetries in ICF implosions
journal, February 2019
- Zhang, Cunbo; Yu, Chengxin; Yang, Chen
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 2
Review of hydrodynamic instability experiments in inertially confined fusion implosions on National Ignition Facility
journal, October 2019
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Weber, C. R.; Landen, O. L.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 1
Progress of indirect drive inertial confinement fusion in the United States
journal, July 2019
- Kline, J. L.; Batha, S. H.; Benedetti, L. R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 11