Enhanced Efficiency of Hot‐Cast Large‐Area Planar Perovskite Solar Cells/Modules Having Controlled Chloride Incorporation

Journal Article · Tue Dec 20 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601660· OSTI ID:1401888

Liao, Hsueh‐Chung ^[1]; Guo, Peijun ^[2]; Hsu, Che‐Pu ^[3]; Lin, Ma ^[4]; Wang, Binghao ^[5]; Zeng, Li ^[6]; Huang, Wei ^[5]; Soe, Chan Myae Myae ^[4]; Su, Wei‐Fang ^[7]; Bedzyk, Michael J. ^[8]; Wasielewski, Michael R. ^[4]; Facchetti, Antonio ^[9]; Chang, Robert P. H. ^[2]; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. ^[4]; Marks, Tobin J. ^[4]

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1. Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, FrontMaterials Corporation Ltd. Taipei 10087 Taiwan, Argonne‐Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
2. Argonne‐Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
3. FrontMaterials Corporation Ltd. Taipei 10087 Taiwan, Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
4. Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, Argonne‐Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
5. Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
6. Applied Physics Program and the Materials Research Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
7. Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
8. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, Applied Physics Program and the Materials Research Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
9. Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, Polyera Corporation Skokie IL 60077 USA

Organic–inorganic perovskite photovoltaics are an emerging solar technology. Developing materials and processing techniques that can be implemented in large‐scale manufacturing is extremely important for realizing the potential of commercialization. Here we report a hot‐casting process with controlled Cl ⁻ incorporation which enables high stability and high power‐conversion‐efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.2% for small area (0.09 cm ² ) and 15.4% for large‐area (≈1 cm ² ) single solar cells. The enhanced performance versus tri‐iodide perovskites can be ascribed to longer carrier diffusion lengths, improved uniformity of the perovskite film morphology, favorable perovskite crystallite orientation, a halide concentration gradient in the perovskite film, and reduced recombination by introducing Cl ⁻ . Additionally, Cl ⁻ improves the device stability by passivating the reaction between I ⁻ and the silver electrode. High‐quality thin films deployed over a large‐area 5 cm × 5 cm eight‐cell module have been fabricated and exhibit an active‐area PCE of 12.0%. The feasibility of material and processing strategies in industrial large‐scale coating techniques is then shown by demonstrating a “dip‐coating” process which shows promise for large throughput production of perovskite solar modules.

• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• Grant/Contract Number: DE‐SC0001059; DE‐FG02‐08ER46536
• OSTI ID: 1401888
• Journal Information: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Vol. 7 Journal Issue: 8; ISSN 1614-6832
• Publisher: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
• Country of Publication: Germany
• Language: English