Terrestrial carbon balance in a drier world: the effects of water availability in southwestern North America

Biederman, Joel A.; Scott, Russell L.; Goulden, Michael L.; Vargas, Rodrigo; Litvak, Marcy E.; Kolb, Thomas E.; Yepez, Enrico A.; Oechel, Walter C.; Blanken, Peter D.; Bell, Tom W.; Garatuza‐Payan, Jaime; Maurer, Gregory E.; Dore, Sabina; Burns, Sean P.

doi:10.1111/gcb.13222

Terrestrial carbon balance in a drier world: the effects of water availability in southwestern North America

Journal Article · Mon Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Global Change Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13222· OSTI ID:1401177

Biederman, Joel A. ^[1]; Scott, Russell L. ^[1]; Goulden, Michael L. ^[2]; Vargas, Rodrigo ^[3]; Litvak, Marcy E. ^[4]; Kolb, Thomas E. ^[5]; Yepez, Enrico A. ^[6]; Oechel, Walter C. ^[7]; Blanken, Peter D. ^[8]; Bell, Tom W. ^[9]; Garatuza‐Payan, Jaime ^[6]; Maurer, Gregory E. ^[4]; ^[5]; Burns, Sean P. ^[10]

Southwest Watershed Research Center Agricultural Research Service Tucson AZ 85719 USA
Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
School of Forestry Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora Cd. Obregón Sonora 85000 México
Global Change Research Group and Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182 USA, Department of Environment Earth and Ecosystems The Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK
Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
Earth Research Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA, National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80301 USA

Abstract

Global modeling efforts indicate semiarid regions dominate the increasing trend and interannual variation of net CO ₂ exchange with the atmosphere, mainly driven by water availability. Many semiarid regions are expected to undergo climatic drying, but the impacts on net CO ₂ exchange are poorly understood due to limited semiarid flux observations. Here we evaluated 121 site‐years of annual eddy covariance measurements of net and gross CO ₂ exchange (photosynthesis and respiration), precipitation, and evapotranspiration ( ET ) in 21 semiarid North American ecosystems with an observed range of 100 – 1000 mm in annual precipitation and records of 4–9 years each. In addition to evaluating spatial relationships among CO ₂ and water fluxes across sites, we separately quantified site‐level temporal relationships, representing sensitivity to interannual variation. Across the climatic and ecological gradient, photosynthesis showed a saturating spatial relationship to precipitation, whereas the photosynthesis– ET relationship was linear, suggesting ET was a better proxy for water available to drive CO ₂ exchanges after hydrologic losses. Both photosynthesis and respiration showed similar site‐level sensitivity to interannual changes in ET among the 21 ecosystems. Furthermore, these temporal relationships were not different from the spatial relationships of long‐term mean CO ₂ exchanges with climatic ET . Consequently, a hypothetical 100‐mm change in ET , whether short term or long term, was predicted to alter net ecosystem production ( NEP ) by 64 gC m ⁻² yr ⁻¹ . Most of the unexplained NEP variability was related to persistent, site‐specific function, suggesting prioritization of research on slow‐changing controls. Common temporal and spatial sensitivity to water availability increases our confidence that site‐level responses to interannual weather can be extrapolated for prediction of CO ₂ exchanges over decadal and longer timescales relevant to societal response to climate change.

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1401177

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology, Journal Name: Global Change Biology Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 22; ISSN 1354-1013

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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