A Three-Phase Microgrid Restoration Model Considering Unbalanced Operation of Distributed Generation

Journal Article · Wed Dec 07 00:00:00 EST 2016 · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2621412· OSTI ID:1400277

Wang, Zeyu ^[1]; Wang, Jianhui ^[2]; Chen, Chen ^[2]

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1. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
2. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Recent severe outages highlight the urgency of improving grid resiliency in the U.S. Microgrid formation schemes are proposed to restore critical loads after outages occur. Most distribution networks have unbalanced configurations that are not represented in sufficient detail by single-phase models. This study provides a microgrid formation plan that adopts a three-phase network model to represent unbalanced distribution networks. The problem formulation has a quadratic objective function with mixed-integer linear constraints. The three-phase network model enables us to examine the three-phase power outputs of distributed generators (DGs), preventing unbalanced operation that might trip DGs. Because the DG unbalanced operation constraint is non-convex, an iterative process is presented that checks whether the unbalanced operation limits for DGs are satisfied after each iteration of optimization. We also develop a relatively conservative linear approximation on the unbalanced operation constraint to handle larger networks. Compared with the iterative solution process, the conservative linear approximation is able to accelerate the solution process at the cost of sacrificing optimality to a limited extent. Simulation in the IEEE 34 node and IEEE 123 test feeders indicate that the proposed method yields more practical microgrid formations results. In addition, this paper explores the coordinated operation of DGs and energy storage (ES) installations. The unbalanced three-phase outputs of ESs combined with the relatively balanced outputs of DGs could supply unbalanced loads. In conclusion, the case study also validates the DG-ES coordination.

• Research Organization: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-06CH11357
• OSTI ID: 1400277
• Journal Information: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Journal Issue: 99 Vol. PP; ISSN 1949-3053
• Publisher: IEEE
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
Three-phase optimal power flow
distributed energy resources
distribution networks
microgrid
restoration