Breaking the Time Barrier in Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Fast Free Force Reconstruction Using the G-Mode Platform

Collins, Liam; Ahmadi, Mahshid; Wu, Ting; Hu, Bin; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Jesse, Stephen

doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b02114

Breaking the Time Barrier in Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Fast Free Force Reconstruction Using the G-Mode Platform

Journal Article · Sun Aug 06 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · ACS Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b02114· OSTI ID:1399933

^[1]; Ahmadi, Mahshid ^[2]; Wu, Ting ^[2]; Hu, Bin ^[2]; Kalinin, Sergei V. ^[1]; Jesse, Stephen ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

The atomic force microscope (AFM) offers unparalleled insight into structure and material functionality across nanometer length scales. However, the spatial resolution afforded by the AFM tip is counterpoised by slow detection speeds compared to other common microscopy techniques (e.g. optical, scanning electron microscopy etc.). In this work, we develop an AFM imaging approach allowing ultrafast reconstruction of the tip-sample forces having ~2 orders of magnitude higher time resolution than standard detection methods. Fast free force recovery (F3R) overcomes the widely-viewed temporal bottleneck in AFM, i.e. the mechanical bandwidth of the cantilever, enabling time-resolved imaging at sub-bandwidth speeds. We demonstrate quantitative recovery of electrostatic forces with ~10 µs temporal resolution, free from cantilever ring-down effects. We further apply the F3R method to Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements. F3R-KPFM is an open loop imaging approach (i.e. no bias feedback), allowing ultrafast surface potential measurements (e.g. < 20 µs) to be performed at regular KPFM scan speeds. F3R-KPFM is demonstrated for exploration of ion migration in organometallic halide perovskites materials and shown to allow spatio-temporal imaging of positively charged ion migration under applied electric field, as well as subsequent formation of accumulated charges at the perovskite/electrode interface. In this work we demonstrate quantitative F3R-KPFM measurements – however, we fully expect the F3R approach to be valid for all modes of non-contact AFM operation, including non-invasive probing of ultrafast electrical and magnetic dynamics.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1399933

Journal Information:: ACS Nano, Journal Name: ACS Nano Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 11; ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Time resolved surface photovoltage measurements using a big data capture approach to KPFM Collins, Liam; Ahmadi, Mahshid; Qin, Jiajun Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aad873	journal	September 2018
Towards nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid by advanced KPFM techniques: a review Collins, Liam; Kilpatrick, Jason I.; Kalinin, Sergei V. Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aab560	journal	July 2018
Mapping piezoelectric response in nanomaterials using a dedicated non-destructive scanning probe technique Calahorra, Yonatan; Smith, Mike; Datta, Anuja Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.18818	text	January 2017
Heterogeneity at multiple length scales in halide perovskite semiconductors Tennyson, Beth; Doherty, Tas; Stranks, Samuel Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.41839	text	January 2019
Intermodulation spectroscopy as an alternative to pump-probe for the measurement of fast dynamics at the nanometer scale Borgani, Riccardo; Haviland, David B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.08058	text	January 2018

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