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Title: Saliva from Obese Individuals Suppresses the Release of Aroma Compounds from Wine

Journal Article · · PLoS ONE
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Naples Federico II, Portici (Italy). Dept. of Agricultural Sciences
  2. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Naples (Italy). General and Laparoscopic Surgery Unit
  3. Second Univ. of Naples, Caserta (Italy). Dept. of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; IRCCS, Multimedica, Milano (Italy)
  4. Second Univ. of Naples, Caserta (Italy). Dept. of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies
  5. Agricultural Research Council, Rome (Italy). Research Center on Food and Nutrition
  6. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  7. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Computation Inst.
  8. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Ecology and Evolution

Background: Recent evidence suggests that a lower extent of the retronasal aroma release correspond to a higher amount of ad libitum food intake. This has been regarded as one of the bases of behavioral choices towards food consumption in obese people. Here in this pilot study we investigated the hypothesis that saliva from obese individuals could be responsible for an alteration of the retro-nasal aroma release. We tested this hypothesis in vitro, by comparing the release of volatiles from a liquid food matrix (wine) after its interaction with saliva from 28 obese (O) and 28 normal-weight (N) individuals. Methods and Findings: Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region indicated that Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were more abundant in O, while Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria dominated in N. Streptococcaceae were significantly more abundant in the O subjects and constituted 34% and 19% on average of the saliva microbiota of O and N subjects, respectively. The Total Antioxidant Capacity was higher in O vs N saliva samples. A model mouth system was used to test whether the in-mouth wine aroma release differs after the interaction with O or N saliva. In O samples, a 18% to 60% significant decrease in the mean concentration of wine volatiles was detected as a result of interaction with saliva, compared with N. This suppression was linked to biochemical differences in O and N saliva composition, which include protein content. Conclusion: Microbiological and biochemical differences were found in O vs N saliva samples. An impaired retronasal aroma release from white wine was detected in vitro and linked to compositional differences between saliva from obese and normal-weight subjects. Additional in vivo investigations on diverse food matrices could contribute to understanding whether a lower olfactory stimulation due to saliva composition can be a co-factor in the development/maintenance of obesity.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1395981
Journal Information:
PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 1; ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 73 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (27)

Salivary composition in obese vs normal-weight subjects: towards a role in postprandial lipid metabolism? journal April 2015
Bacterial diversity in saliva and oral health-related conditions: the Hisayama Study journal February 2016
Model cheese aroma perception is explained not only by in vivo aroma release but also by salivary composition and oral processing parameters journal January 2017
Differences in the Density of Fungiform Papillae and Composition of Saliva in Patients With Taste Disorders Compared to Healthy Controls journal August 2017
Association of oral microbiome with type 2 diabetes risk journal February 2017
Does interindividual variability of saliva affect the release and metabolization of aroma compounds ex vivo? The particular case of elderly suffering or not from hyposalivation journal October 2018
Salivary Microbiota and Metabolome Associated with Celiac Disease journal March 2014
Systems biology analysis of omeprazole therapy in cirrhosis demonstrates significant shifts in gut microbiota composition and function journal November 2014
Unhealthy Phenotype as Indicated by Salivary Biomarkers: Glucose, Insulin, VEGF-A, and IL-12p70 in Obese Kuwaiti Adolescents journal January 2016
The Earth Microbiome project: successes and aspirations journal August 2014
Normalization and microbial differential abundance strategies depend upon data characteristics journal March 2017
Salivary Composition Is Associated with Liking and Usual Nutrient Intake journal September 2015
Gender-Specific Associations Between Saliva Microbiota and Body Size journal April 2019
Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Exocytosis in the Salivary Glands journal October 2018
Whole-grain wheat consumption reduces inflammation in a randomized controlled trial on overweight and obese subjects with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors: role of polyphenols bound to cereal dietary fiber journal December 2014
Characterization of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity journal January 2018
Extra virgin olive oil aroma release after interaction with human saliva from individuals with different body mass index: Aroma release from virgin olive oil after interaction with human saliva journal February 2018
Changes in the salivary protein profile of morbidly obese women either previously subjected to bariatric surgery or not journal September 2015
Earth Microbiome Project and Global Systems Biology journal April 2018
The Same Microbiota and a Potentially Discriminant Metabolome in the Saliva of Omnivore, Ovo-Lacto-Vegetarian and Vegan Individuals journal November 2014
Body Mass Index Differences in the Gut Microbiota Are Gender Specific journal June 2018
Assessment Wine Aroma Persistence by Using an in Vivo PTR-ToF-MS Approach and Its Relationship with Salivary Parameters journal April 2019
Design and validation of a DNA-microarray for phylogenetic analysis of bacterial communities in different oral samples and dental implants journal July 2017
From an imbalance to a new imbalance: Italian-style gluten-free diet alters the salivary microbiota and metabolome of African celiac children journal December 2015
The microbiome of the oral mucosa in irritable bowel syndrome journal March 2016
Host-associated microbiomes are predicted by immune system complexity and climate journal February 2020
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