Single Atomic Iron Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media: Particle Size Control and Thermal Activation

Zhang, Hanguang; Hwang, Sooyeon; Wang, Maoyu; Feng, Zhenxing; Karakalos, Stavros; Luo, Langli; Qiao, Zhi; Xie, Xiaohong; Wang, Chongmin; Su, Dong; Shao, Yuyan; Wu, Gang

doi:10.1021/jacs.7b06514

Single Atomic Iron Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media: Particle Size Control and Thermal Activation

Journal Article · Wed Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b06514· OSTI ID:1394763

Zhang, Hanguang ^[1]; Hwang, Sooyeon ^[2]; Wang, Maoyu ^[3]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[5]; Qiao, Zhi ^[1]; Xie, Xiaohong ^[5]; ^[5]; ^[2]; Shao, Yuyan ^[5]; ^[1]

State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States). School of Chemical and Biological and Environmental Engineering
Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

It remains a grand challenge to replace platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts with earth-abundant materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media, which is crucial for large-scale deployment of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). We report a high-performance atomic Fe catalyst derived from chemically Fe-doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) by directly bonding Fe ions to imidazolate ligands within 3D frameworks. Although the ZIF was identified as a promising precursor, the new synthetic chemistry enables the creation of well-dispersed atomic Fe sites embedded into porous carbon without the formation of aggregates. The size of catalyst particles is tunable through synthesizing Fe-doped ZIF nanocrystal precursors in a wide range from 20 to 1000 nm followed by one-step thermal activation. Similar to Pt nanoparticles, the unique size control without altering chemical properties afforded by this approach is able to increase the number of PGM-free active sites. The best ORR activity is measured with the catalyst at a size of 50 nm. Further size reduction to 20 nm leads to significant particle agglomeration, thus decreasing the activity. In using the homogeneous atomic Fe model catalysts, we elucidated the active site formation process through correlating measured ORR activity with the change of chemical bonds in precursors during thermal activation up to 1100 °C. The critical temperature to form active sites is 800 °C, which is associated with a new Fe species with a reduced oxidation number (from Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺) likely bonded with pyridinic N (FeN₄) embedded into the carbon planes. Further increasing the temperature leads to continuously enhanced activity, linked to the rise of graphitic N and Fe–N species. The new atomic Fe catalyst has achieved respectable ORR activity in challenging acidic media (0.5 M H₂SO₄), showing a half-wave potential of 0.85 V vs RHE and leaving only a 30 mV gap with Pt/C (60 μg_Pt/cm²). Finally, enhanced stability is attained with the same catalyst, which loses only 20 mV after 10 000 potential cycles (0.6–1.0 V) in O₂ saturated acid. The high-performance atomic Fe PGM-free catalyst holds great promise as a replacement for Pt in future PEMFCs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Fuel Cell Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1394763

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1406795
OSTI ID: 1408124
OSTI ID: 1897108

Report Number(s):: BNL--114340-2017-JA; KC0403020

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the American Chemical Society Journal Issue: 40 Vol. 139; ISSN 0002-7863

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Oxygen Reduction Reactions on Single‐ or Few‐Atom Discrete Active Sites for Heterogeneous Catalysis Sharifi, Tiva; Gracia‐Espino, Eduardo; Chen, Anran Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902084	journal	September 2019
Engineering Local Coordination Environments of Atomically Dispersed and Heteroatom‐Coordinated Single Metal Site Electrocatalysts for Clean Energy‐Conversion Zhu, Yuanzhi; Sokolowski, Joshua; Song, Xiancheng Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902844	journal	November 2019
Heterogeneous Single Atom Electrocatalysis, Where “Singles” Are “Married” Zang, Wenjie; Kou, Zongkui; Pennycook, Stephen J. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903181	journal	January 2020
Molecular Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Wan, Chengzhang; Duan, Xiangfeng; Huang, Yu Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903815	journal	February 2020
Atomar dispergierte Metallzentren in Metall-organischen Gerüststrukturen für die elektrokatalytische und photokatalytische Energieumwandlung Liang, Zibin; Qu, Chong; Xia, Dingguo Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201800269	journal	June 2018
From Metal-Organic Frameworks to Single-Atom Fe Implanted N-doped Porous Carbons: Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media Jiao, Long; Wan, Gang; Zhang, Rui Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201803262	journal	June 2018
Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Catalysts Based on Single Iron Atoms Dispersed on a Hierarchically Structured Porous Carbon Framework Zhang, Zhengping; Sun, Junting; Wang, Feng Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201804958	journal	June 2018
A Pyrolysis‐Free Covalent Organic Polymer for Oxygen Reduction Guo, Jianing; Lin, Chun‐Yu; Xia, Zhenhai Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201808226	journal	August 2018
Modulierung der elektronischen Strukturen anorganischer Nanomaterialien für eine effiziente elektrokatalytische Wasserspaltung Du, Xinchuan; Huang, Jianwen; Zhang, Junjun Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201810104	journal	February 2019
A Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Wound Disinfection Applications Xu, Bolong; Wang, Hui; Wang, Weiwei Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201813994	journal	March 2019
General π‐Electron‐Assisted Strategy for Ir, Pt, Ru, Pd, Fe, Ni Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts with Bifunctional Active Sites for Highly Efficient Water Splitting Lai, Wei‐Hong; Zhang, Li‐Fu; Hua, Wei‐Bo Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201904614	journal	July 2019
A Graphene‐Supported Single‐Atom FeN ₅ Catalytic Site for Efficient Electrochemical CO ₂ Reduction Zhang, Huinian; Li, Jing; Xi, Shibo Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201906079	journal	September 2019
Thermolysis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles into Electron‐Rich Phosphorus‐Coordinated Noble Metal Single Atoms at Low Temperature Zhou, Peng; Li, Ning; Chao, Yuguang Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201908351	journal	August 2019
Thermally Driven Structure and Performance Evolution of Atomically Dispersed FeN ₄ Sites for Oxygen Reduction Li, Jiazhan; Zhang, Hanguang; Samarakoon, Widitha Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201909312	journal	November 2019
Identification of Catalytic Sites for Oxygen Reduction in Metal/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons with Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles Chen, Ming‐Xi; Zhu, Mengzhao; Zuo, Ming Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201912275	journal	November 2019
Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon with Atomically Dispersed FeN ₄ for Ultraefficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Qiao, Mengfei; Wang, Ying; Wang, Quan Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201914123	journal	January 2020
Regulating the Coordination Environment of MOF‐Templated Single‐Atom Nickel Electrocatalysts for Boosting CO ₂ Reduction Gong, Yun‐Nan; Jiao, Long; Qian, Yunyang Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201914977	journal	January 2020
Atomically Dispersed Metal Sites in MOF-Based Materials for Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Energy Conversion Liang, Zibin; Qu, Chong; Xia, Dingguo Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201800269	journal	June 2018
From Metal-Organic Frameworks to Single-Atom Fe Implanted N-doped Porous Carbons: Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media Jiao, Long; Wan, Gang; Zhang, Rui Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803262	journal	June 2018
Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Catalysts Based on Single Iron Atoms Dispersed on a Hierarchically Structured Porous Carbon Framework Zhang, Zhengping; Sun, Junting; Wang, Feng Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201804958	journal	June 2018
A Pyrolysis-Free Covalent Organic Polymer for Oxygen Reduction Guo, Jianing; Lin, Chun-Yu; Xia, Zhenhai Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201808226	journal	August 2018
Modulating Electronic Structures of Inorganic Nanomaterials for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Du, Xinchuan; Huang, Jianwen; Zhang, Junjun Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201810104	journal	March 2019
Puffing Up Energetic Metal-Organic Frameworks to Large Carbon Networks with Hierarchical Porosity and Atomically Dispersed Metal Sites Zhao, Ruo; Liang, Zibin; Gao, Song Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201811126	journal	December 2018
A Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Wound Disinfection Applications Xu, Bolong; Wang, Hui; Wang, Weiwei Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201813994	journal	April 2019
General π-Electron-Assisted Strategy for Ir, Pt, Ru, Pd, Fe, Ni Single-Atom Electrocatalysts with Bifunctional Active Sites for Highly Efficient Water Splitting Lai, Wei-Hong; Zhang, Li-Fu; Hua, Wei-Bo Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201904614	journal	July 2019
A Graphene‐Supported Single‐Atom FeN ₅ Catalytic Site for Efficient Electrochemical CO ₂ Reduction Zhang, Huinian; Li, Jing; Xi, Shibo Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201906079	journal	October 2019
Thermolysis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles into Electron‐Rich Phosphorus‐Coordinated Noble Metal Single Atoms at Low Temperature Zhou, Peng; Li, Ning; Chao, Yuguang Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201908351	journal	August 2019
Thermally Driven Structure and Performance Evolution of Atomically Dispersed FeN ₄ Sites for Oxygen Reduction Li, Jiazhan; Zhang, Hanguang; Samarakoon, Widitha Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201909312	journal	November 2019
Identification of Catalytic Sites for Oxygen Reduction in Metal/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons with Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles Chen, Ming‐Xi; Zhu, Mengzhao; Zuo, Ming Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201912275	journal	January 2020
Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon with Atomically Dispersed FeN ₄ for Ultraefficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Qiao, Mengfei; Wang, Ying; Wang, Quan Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201914123	journal	February 2020
Regulating the Coordination Environment of MOF‐Templated Single‐Atom Nickel Electrocatalysts for Boosting CO ₂ Reduction Gong, Yun‐Nan; Jiao, Long; Qian, Yunyang Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201914977	journal	February 2020
Efficient Fe‐Co‐N‐C Electrocatalyst Towards Oxygen Reduction Derived from a Cationic Co ^II ‐based Metal–Organic Framework Modified by Anion‐Exchange with Potassium Ferricyanide Chen, Xiang‐Lan; Huang, Jia‐Wei; Huang, Yi‐Chen Chemistry – An Asian Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201801776	journal	February 2019
Recent Approaches to Design Electrocatalysts Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives Liu, Juan; Hou, Shujin; Li, Weijin Chemistry – An Asian Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201900748	journal	September 2019
Bottom‐Up Fabrication of a Sandwich‐Like Carbon/Graphene Heterostructure with Built‐In FeNC Dopants as Non‐Noble Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Lv, Xiaoxia; Xue, Xue; Gan, Xingyu Chemistry – An Asian Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201901616	journal	December 2019
POM & MOF-based Electrocatalysts for Energy-related Reactions Freire, Cristina; Fernandes, Diana M.; Nunes, Marta ChemCatChem, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201701926	journal	March 2018
Single Metal Atoms Anchored in Two-Dimensional Materials: Bifunctional Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications Back, Seoin; Kulkarni, Ambarish R.; Siahrostami, Samira ChemCatChem, Vol. 10, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201800447	journal	May 2018
Single Atom Catalysts on Carbon-Based Materials Rivera-Cárcamo, Camila; Serp, Philippe ChemCatChem, Vol. 10, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801174	journal	November 2018
Transition Metal‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Active Site for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: Beyond the Fascinations of TM‐N₄ Zhang, Cai; Zhang, Wei; Zheng, Weitao ChemCatChem, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801679	journal	November 2018
Elucidation of The Influence of Cu Promoter on Carburization Prior to Iron-Based Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: an In situ X-Ray Diffraction Study Sun, Xiaodong; Liu, Xingwu; Liu, Jinjia ChemCatChem, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801706	journal	December 2018
Recent Progress of Carbon-Based Materials in Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysis Wang, Yao; Li, Jing; Wei, Zidong ChemElectroChem, Vol. 5, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201701335	journal	January 2018
Impact of Textural Properties of Mesoporous Porphyrinic Carbon Electrocatalysts on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity Woo, Jinwoo; Sa, Young Jin; Kim, Jae Hyung ChemElectroChem, Vol. 5, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201800183	journal	April 2018
Synthesis and Active Site Identification of Fe−N−C Single-Atom Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Wan, Xin; Chen, Weiqi; Yang, Jiarui ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201801302	journal	November 2018
Sulfur, Nitrogen and Fluorine Triple‐Doped Metal‐Free Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Lv, Yanlong; Yang, Liu; Cao, Dapeng ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201801433	journal	September 2018
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Tunable Olive‐Like Ni _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 CO ₃ and its Transformation to LiNi _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 O ₂ Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries Lu, Yan; Gan, Zhanggen; Xia, Jin ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201901539	journal	October 2019
Towards High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction: Inducing Atomic-Level Reconstruction of Fe-N _x Site for Atomically Dispersed Fe/N-Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon Li, Hanyu; Zhang, Zhengping; Dou, Meiling Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201800937	journal	June 2018
Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Materials as Electrocatalysts and Photocatalysts for CO ₂ Reduction: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives Zhang, Hanguang; Li, Jiazhan; Tan, Qiang Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 69 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201803083	journal	June 2018
Recent Advances of MOFs and MOF-Derived Materials in Thermally Driven Organic Transformations Yang, Shuliang; Peng, Li; Bulut, Safak Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201803157	journal	November 2018
Self‐Supported ZIF‐Derived Co ₃ O ₄ Nanoparticles‐Decorated Porous N‐Doped Carbon Fibers as Oxygen Reduction Catalyst Song, Li; Tang, Jing; Wang, Tao Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201900197	journal	April 2019
Ice/Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Micro/Mesoporous Iron and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Carbon as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Li, Hanyu; Zhang, Zhengping; Iyoda, Tomokazu Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201900306	journal	March 2019
A Facile Route for Constructing Effective Cu−N _x Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Li, Jingjing; Xia, Wei; Wang, Tao Chemistry – A European Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201903822	journal	December 2019
Recent Progress in Precious Metal‐Free Carbon‐Based Materials towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Activity, Stability, and Anti‐Poisoning Zhang, Ling; Li, Li; Chen, Hongmei Chemistry – A European Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201904233	journal	November 2019
Atomic Layer Deposition of Pd Nanoparticles on N‐Doped Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers: Optimization of ORR Activity of Pd‐Based Nanocatalysts by Tuning Their Nanoparticle Size and Loading Khalily, Mohammad Aref; Patil, Bhushan; Yilmaz, Eda ChemNanoMat, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.201900483	journal	October 2019
Atomic Platinum Anchored on Fe-N-C Material for High Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Atomic Platinum Anchored on Fe-N-C Material for High Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction Sha, Ying; Ji, Jiapeng; Li, Siyuan European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 2020, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201901027	journal	January 2020
Recent Advancements in Transition Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Gu, Wenling; Hu, Liuyong; Li, Jing Electroanalysis, Vol. 30, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201700780	journal	February 2018
Freestanding 1D Hierarchical Porous Fe‐N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for Zn–Air Batteries Wu, Mengchen; Li, Congling; Liu, Rui Energy Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201800790	journal	March 2019
Microporous Solids En Route to Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis: The Oxygen Reduction Reaction Haikal, Rana R.; Hassan, Mohamed H.; Alkordi, Mohamed H. Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201900964	journal	December 2019
Pearl Necklace Fibrous Carbon Sharing Fe–N/Fe–P Dual Active Sites as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst in Broad Media and for Liquid/Solid‐State Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery Wu, Mengchen; Liu, Rui Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201901263	journal	December 2019
Pearl Necklace Fibrous Carbon Sharing Fe–N/Fe–P Dual Active Sites as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst in Broad Media and for Liquid/Solid‐State Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery Wu, Mengchen; Liu, Rui Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202070034	journal	December 2019
Ultrathin‐Carbon‐Layer‐Protected PtCu Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Carbon Capsules: A Structure Engineering of the Anode Electrocatalyst for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells Xu, Min; Chen, Hong; Zhao, Yufei Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, Vol. 36, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201900100	journal	May 2019
Crab Shell-Templated Fe and N Co-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers as a Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst Li, Zhenyi; Hassan, Mehboob; Sun, An ChemistrySelect, Vol. 3, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201800251	journal	April 2018
ZIF-8 with Ferrocene Encapsulated: A Promising Precursor to Single-Atom Fe Embedded Nitrogen-Doped Carbon as Highly Efficient Catalyst for Oxygen Electroreduction Wang, Jinpeng; Han, Guokang; Wang, Liguang Small, Vol. 14, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201704282	journal	March 2018
Engineering Single-Atom Cobalt Catalysts toward Improved Electrocatalysis Wan, Gang; Yu, Pengfei; Chen, Hangrong Small, Vol. 14, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201704319	journal	March 2018
UIO-66-NH ₂ -Derived Mesoporous Carbon Catalyst Co-Doped with Fe/N/S as Highly Efficient Cathode Catalyst for PEMFCs Zheng, Long; Dong, Yuanyuan; Chi, Bin Small, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201803520	journal	December 2018
π‐Conjugated Molecule Boosts Metal–Organic Frameworks as Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts Zhu, Rongmei; Ding, Jiawei; Xu, Yuxia Small, Vol. 14, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201803576	journal	October 2018
Single Fe Atom on Hierarchically Porous S, N‐Codoped Nanocarbon Derived from Porphyra Enable Boosted Oxygen Catalysis for Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries Zhang, Jiting; Zhang, Meng; Zeng, Yan Small, Vol. 15, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900307	journal	May 2019
Modulating the Electronic Structure of Single‐Atom Catalysts on 2D Nanomaterials for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance Zhu, Yuanzhi; Peng, Wenchao; Li, Yang Small Methods, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800438	journal	March 2019
Recent Advances for MOF‐Derived Carbon‐Supported Single‐Atom Catalysts Han, Aijuan; Wang, Bingqing; Kumar, Anuj Small Methods, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800471	journal	February 2019
Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Supported Nonprecious Metal Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts: from Synthesis to Application Guo, Jiaojiao; Huo, Juanjuan; Liu, Yan Small Methods, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900159	journal	May 2019
Recent Progress of Metal Carbides Encapsulated in Carbon‐Based Materials for Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Yan, Xiang‐Hui; Prabhu, P.; Xu, Hao Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900575	journal	November 2019
A Freestanding Flexible Single‐Atom Cobalt‐Based Multifunctional Interlayer toward Reversible and Durable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Li, Yiju; Zhou, Peng; Li, Hui Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900701	journal	January 2020
Atomically Dispersed Single Ni Site Catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction toward Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis Using N ₂ and H ₂ O Mukherjee, Shreya; Yang, Xiaoxuan; Shan, Weitao Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900821	journal	February 2020
2D Single‐Atom Catalyst with Optimized Iron Sites Produced by Thermal Melting of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Liu, Dong; Li, Jin‐Cheng; Ding, Shichao Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900827	journal	February 2020
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalysis Usman, Muhammad; Zhu, Qi-Long Methods for Electrocatalysis: Advanced Materials and Allied Applications, p. 29-66 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27161-9_2	book	January 2020
Carbon nanotube@ZIF–derived Fe-N-doped carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions Xiong, Juan; Zhao, Jing; Xiang, Zhen Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 23, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04317-2	journal	June 2019
Metal-organic framework based nanomaterials for electrocatalytic oxygen redox reaction Zhang, Kexin; Guo, Wenhan; Liang, Zibin Science China Chemistry, Vol. 62, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-018-9441-4	journal	March 2019
Metal organic frameworks derived single atom catalysts for electrocatalytic energy conversion Sun, Tingting; Xu, Lianbin; Wang, Dingsheng Nano Research, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2345-4	journal	March 2019
Influence of 3d transition-metal substitution on the oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis of ternary nitrides in acid Fritz, Kevin E.; Yan, Yichen; Suntivich, Jin Nano Research, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2440-6	journal	June 2019
On an Easy Way to Prepare Fe, S, N Tri-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Materials as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Liu, Sa; Liu, Liwen; Chen, Xiaowen Electrocatalysis, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-018-0496-9	journal	November 2018
Effects of Crystallographic Structures of Metal-Phthalocyanine on Electrocatalytic Properties of Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Condition Takase, Satoko; Aoto, Yuki; Ikeda, Daiki Electrocatalysis, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-019-00553-2	journal	August 2019
In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of Nanoscale Electrocatalysts Wang, Maoyu; Árnadóttir, Líney; Xu, Zhichuan J. Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0277-x	journal	June 2019
Dispersive Single-Atom Metals Anchored on Functionalized Nanocarbons for Electrochemical Reactions Li, Jin-Cheng; Wei, Zidong; Liu, Dong Topics in Current Chemistry, Vol. 377, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-018-0229-9	journal	January 2019
Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Fe-N-C Catalysts: Current Status and the Way Forward Shen, Hangjia; Thomas, Tiju; Rasaki, Sefiu Abolaji Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-019-00030-w	journal	March 2019
Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Self-Template Synthesis Approach to Enhancing Catalytic Activity and Stability He, Yanghua; Tan, Qiang; Lu, Leilei Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-019-00031-9	journal	March 2019
Zigzag carbon as efficient and stable oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells Xue, Longfei; Li, Yongcheng; Liu, Xiaofang Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06279-x	journal	September 2018
Atomically dispersed manganese catalysts for oxygen reduction in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells Li, Jiazhan; Chen, Mengjie; Cullen, David A. Nature Catalysis, Vol. 1, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0164-8	journal	October 2018
Fe–N–C electrocatalyst with dense active sites and efficient mass transport for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells Wan, Xin; Liu, Xiaofang; Li, Yongcheng Nature Catalysis, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-019-0237-3	journal	March 2019
Achievements, challenges and perspectives on cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells for transportation Wang, Xiao Xia; Swihart, Mark T.; Wu, Gang Nature Catalysis, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-019-0304-9	journal	July 2019
The synergistic effect of Ceria and Co in N-doped leaf-like carbon nanosheets derived from a 2D MOF and their enhanced performance in the oxygen reduction reaction Xia, Wei; Li, Jingjing; Wang, Tao Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09212a	journal	January 2018
Rational design of double-shelled Fe-, N-, and S-tridoped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres as high-performance catalysts for organic reactions Zeng, Tao; Hu, Xiaojie; Feng, Hongru Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09773e	journal	January 2018
Pore closure in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks under mechanical pressure Henke, Sebastian; Wharmby, Michael T.; Kieslich, Gregor Chemical Science, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sc04952h	journal	January 2018
Ordered mesoporous FeN x -doped carbon: a class of highly active and stable catalysts in acids, bases and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells Jiang, Rongzhong; Tran, Dat T.; McClure, Joshua P. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10555j	journal	January 2018
Creation of oxygen reduction reaction active sites on titanium oxynitride without increasing the nitrogen doping level Chisaka, Mitsuharu Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01420e	journal	January 2018
Unraveling the relationship between the morphologies of metal–organic frameworks and the properties of their derived carbon materials Wu, Qiao; Liang, Jun; Yi, Jun-Dong Dalton Transactions, Vol. 48, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04941f	journal	January 2019
Electronic structure engineering to boost oxygen reduction activity by controlling the coordination of the central metal Han, Yunhu; Wang, Yanggang; Xu, Ruirui Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee01481g	journal	January 2018
Highly active atomically dispersed CoN ₄ fuel cell cathode catalysts derived from surfactant-assisted MOFs: carbon-shell confinement strategy He, Yanghua; Hwang, Sooyeon; Cullen, David A. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee02694g	journal	January 2019
Recent advances in hybrid sodium–air batteries Xu, Xiaolong; Hui, Kwan San; Dinh, Duc Anh Materials Horizons, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8mh01375f	journal	January 2019
Facile synthesis of N-doped graphene supported porous cobalt molybdenum oxynitride nanodendrites for the oxygen reduction reaction Sharma, Kamaldeep; Hui, David; Kim, Nam Hoon Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr06780e	journal	January 2019
3-Layer conductive metal–organic nanosheets as electrocatalysts to enable an ultralow detection limit of H ₂ O ₂ Zhang, Mingdao; Wang, Gang; Zheng, Baohui Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr08686a	journal	January 2019
MOF-derived nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon for electroreduction of CO ₂ to CO: the calcining temperature effect and the mechanism Zheng, Yonglong; Cheng, Ping; Xu, Jiansheng Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr10236h	journal	January 2019
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Single Atomic Iron Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media: Particle Size Control and Thermal Activation

Journal Article · Tue Sep 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of the American Chemical Society · OSTI ID:1408124

Single Atomic Iron Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media: Particle Size Control and Thermal Activation

Journal Article · Tue Sep 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of the American Chemical Society · OSTI ID:1406795

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29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Atomic iron catalysts
Center for Functional Nanomaterials
electrocatalysis
metal-organic frameworks
oxygen reduction
size control

Single Atomic Iron Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media: Particle Size Control and Thermal Activation

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