Global patterns of drought recovery

Schwalm, Christopher R.; Anderegg, William R.  L.; Michalak, Anna M.; Fisher, Joshua B.; Biondi, Franco; Koch, George; Litvak, Marcy; Ogle, Kiona; Shaw, John D.; Wolf, Adam; Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Schaefer, Kevin; Cook, Robert; Wei, Yaxing; Fang, Yuanyuan; Hayes, Daniel; Huang, Maoyi; Jain, Atul; Tian, Hanqin

doi:10.1038/nature23021

Global patterns of drought recovery

Journal Article · Wed Aug 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23021· OSTI ID:1394471

Schwalm, Christopher R. ^[1]; Anderegg, William R. L. ^[2]; Michalak, Anna M. ^[3]; Fisher, Joshua B. ^[4]; Biondi, Franco ^[5]; Koch, George ^[6]; Litvak, Marcy ^[7]; Ogle, Kiona ^[6]; Shaw, John D. ^[8]; Wolf, Adam ^[9]; Huntzinger, Deborah N. ^[6]; Schaefer, Kevin ^[10]; Cook, Robert ^[11]; Wei, Yaxing ^[11]; Fang, Yuanyuan ^[3]; Hayes, Daniel ^[12]; Huang, Maoyi ^[13]; Jain, Atul ^[14]; Tian, Hanqin ^[15]

Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA (United States); Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
Carnegie Inst. of Science, Stanford, CA (United States)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), La Canada Flintridge, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
US Forest Service, Ogden, UT (United States). Rocky Mountain Research Station
Arable Labs Inc., Princeton, NJ (United States)
National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
Auburn Univ., AL (United States)

Drought has major impacts on natural and human systems, and is especially important for land carbon sink variability due to its influence on terrestrial biosphere climate regulation. While 20th Century trends in drought regimes have been varied, “more extreme extremes”, including more frequent and severe droughts, are expected in the 21st Century. Recovery time, the length of time an ecosystem requires to revert to its pre-drought functional state, is a critical metric of drought impact. Yet the factors influencing drought recovery and its spatiotemporal patterns are largely unknown. Here we use three independent global data products of gross primary productivity to show that, across diverse terrestrial ecosystems, drought recovery times are strongly associated with climate and carbon cycle dynamics, with biodiversity and CO₂ fertilization as secondary factors. Our analysis also provides two key insights into the spatiotemporal patterns of drought recovery time: (1) Across the globe, recovery is longest in the tropics and high northern latitudes—critical tipping elements in Earth’s climate system. (2) Drought impacts, the area of ecosystems under active recovery and recovery times, have increased over the 20th century. If future droughts become more frequent, time between droughts may become shorter than drought recovery time, leading to chronically impacted ecosystems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1394471

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1390439

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7666 Vol. 548; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Resilience of tropical tree cover: The roles of climate, fire, and herbivory Staal, Arie; van Nes, Egbert H.; Hantson, Stijn Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14408	journal	August 2018
Legacies of La Niña: North American monsoon can rescue trees from winter drought Peltier, Drew M. P.; Ogle, Kiona Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14487	journal	November 2018
Geographical adaptation prevails over species‐specific determinism in trees’ vulnerability to climate change at Mediterranean rear‐edge forests Dorado‐Liñán, Isabel; Piovesan, Gianluca; Martínez‐Sancho, Elisabet Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14544	journal	February 2019
Prolonged tropical forest degradation due to compounding disturbances: Implications for CO ₂ and H ₂ O fluxes Brando, Paulo M.; Silvério, Divino; Maracahipes‐Santos, Leonardo Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14659	journal	May 2019
Linking drought legacy effects across scales: From leaves to tree rings to ecosystems Kannenberg, Steven A.; Novick, Kimberly A.; Alexander, M. Ross Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14710	journal	May 2019
Legacies of more frequent drought in ponderosa pine across the western United States Peltier, Drew M. P.; Ogle, Kiona Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14720	journal	July 2019
How ecologists define drought, and why we should do better Slette, Ingrid J.; Post, Alison K.; Awad, Mai Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14747	journal	July 2019
High ecosystem stability of evergreen broadleaf forests under severe droughts Huang, Kun; Xia, Jianyang Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14748	journal	July 2019
Global gradients in intraspecific variation in vegetative and floral traits are partially associated with climate and species richness Kuppler, Jonas; Albert, Cécile H.; Ames, Gregory M. Global Ecology and Biogeography, Vol. 29, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13077	journal	March 2020
In vivo quantification of plant starch reserves at micrometer resolution using X-ray microCT imaging and machine learning Earles, J. Mason; Knipfer, Thorsten; Tixier, Aude New Phytologist, Vol. 218, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15068	journal	March 2018
El Niño drought increased canopy turnover in Amazon forests Leitold, Veronika; Morton, Douglas C.; Longo, Marcos New Phytologist, Vol. 219, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15110	journal	March 2018
Quantifying soil moisture impacts on light use efficiency across biomes Stocker, Benjamin D.; Zscheischler, Jakob; Keenan, Trevor F. New Phytologist, Vol. 218, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15123	journal	March 2018
Ecosystem heterogeneity and diversity mitigate Amazon forest resilience to frequent extreme droughts Longo, Marcos; Knox, Ryan G.; Levine, Naomi M. New Phytologist, Vol. 219, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15185	journal	May 2018
Antecedent soil water content and vapor pressure deficit interactively control water potential in Larrea tridentata Guo, Jessica S.; Ogle, Kiona New Phytologist, Vol. 221, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15374	journal	August 2018
Community Response to Extreme Drought ( CRED ): a framework for drought‐induced shifts in plant–plant interactions Ploughe, Laura W.; Jacobs, Elin M.; Frank, Graham S. New Phytologist, Vol. 222, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15595	journal	January 2019
Die hard: timberline conifers survive annual winter embolism Mayr, Stefan; Schmid, Peter; Beikircher, Barbara New Phytologist, Vol. 226, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16304	journal	November 2019
Coordination between leaf, stem, and root hydraulics and gas exchange in three arid-zone angiosperms during severe drought and recovery: Coordination between hydraulics and gas exchange during drought and recovery Creek, Danielle; Blackman, Chris J.; Brodribb, Timothy J. Plant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 41, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13418	journal	September 2018
The gathering firestorm in southern Amazonia Brando, P. M.; Soares-Filho, B.; Rodrigues, L. Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay1632	journal	January 2020
Limited capacity of tree growth to mitigate the global greenhouse effect under predicted warming. Buentgen, Ulf; Krusic, Paul; Piermattei, Alma Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.41858	text	January 2019
Economic and Ecological Impacts of Increased Drought Frequency in the Edwards Aquifer Ding, Jinxiu; McCarl, Bruce A. Climate, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8010002	journal	December 2019
Quantitative Assessment and Diagnosis for Regional Agricultural Drought Resilience Based on Set Pair Analysis and Connection Entropy Chen, Menglu; Ning, Shaowei; Cui, Yi Entropy, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/e21040373	journal	April 2019
Tropical Dry Forest Diversity, Climatic Response, and Resilience in a Changing Climate Stan, Kayla; Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo Forests, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/f10050443	journal	May 2019
Combinations of Small RNA, RNA, and Degradome Sequencing Uncovers the Expression Pattern of microRNA–mRNA Pairs Adapting to Drought Stress in Leaf and Root of Dactylis glomerata L. Ji, Yang; Chen, Peilin; Chen, Jing International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103114	journal	October 2018
Remote Sensing of Water Use Efficiency and Terrestrial Drought Recovery across the Contiguous United States Ahmadi, Behzad; Ahmadalipour, Ali; Tootle, Glenn Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060731	journal	March 2019
Effects of Climate Factors and Human Activities on the Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency throughout Northern China Du, Xiaozheng; Zhao, Xiang; Zhou, Tao Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232766	journal	November 2019
Exceptional Drought across Southeastern Australia Caused by Extreme Lack of Precipitation and Its Impacts on NDVI and SIF in 2018 Tian, Feng; Wu, Jianjun; Liu, Leizhen Remote Sensing, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010054	journal	December 2019
Responses of Water Use Efficiency to Drought in Southwest China Zhao, Jingxue; Xu, Tongren; Xiao, Jingfeng Remote Sensing, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010199	journal	January 2020
Variation of Aridity Index and the Role of Climate Variables in the Southwest China Li, Yanzhong; Feng, Aiqing; Liu, Wenbin Water, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/w9100743	journal	September 2017
Quantifying soil moisture impacts on light use efficiency across biomes Stocker, Benjamin; Zscheischler, Jakob; Keenan, Trevor F. ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000256239	text	January 2018
Drought, Heat, and the Carbon Cycle: a Review Sippel, Sebastian; Reichstein, Markus; Ma, Xuanlong ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000284618	text	January 2018
Effects of short-term variability of meteorological variables on soil temperature in permafrost regions Beer, Christian; Porada, Philipp; Ekici, Sait Altug Copernicus Publications https://doi.org/10.48350/155706	text	January 2018
On what scales can GOSAT flux inversions constrain anomalies in terrestrial ecosystems? Byrne, Brendan; Jones, Dylan B. A.; Strong, Kimberly Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13017-2019	journal	January 2019
Effects of short-term variability of meteorological variables on soil temperature in permafrost regions Beer, Christian; Porada, Philipp; Ekici, Altug The Cryosphere, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-741-2018	journal	January 2018

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