Understanding and Eliminating Hysteresis for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Wang, Changlei; Xiao, Chuanxiao; Yu, Yue; Zhao, Dewei; Awni, Rasha A.; Grice, Corey R.; Ghimire, Kiran; Constantinou, Iordania; Liao, Weiqiang; Cimaroli, Alexander J.; Liu, Pei; Chen, Jing; Podraza, Nikolas J.; Jiang, Chun -Sheng; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M.; Zhao, Xingzhong; Yan, Yanfa

doi:10.1002/aenm.201700414

Understanding and Eliminating Hysteresis for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Journal Article · Thu May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700414· OSTI ID:1392207

Wang, Changlei ^[1]; Xiao, Chuanxiao ^[2]; Yu, Yue ^[3]; Zhao, Dewei ^[3]; Awni, Rasha A. ^[3]; Grice, Corey R. ^[3]; Ghimire, Kiran ^[3]; Constantinou, Iordania ^[4]; Liao, Weiqiang ^[3]; Cimaroli, Alexander J. ^[3]; Liu, Pei ^[5]; Chen, Jing ^[6]; Podraza, Nikolas J. ^[3]; Jiang, Chun -Sheng ^[2]; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M. ^[2]; Zhao, Xingzhong ^[5]; ^[3]

Univ. of Toledo, Toledo, OH (United States); Wuhan Univ., Wuhan (China)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of Toledo, Toledo, OH (United States)
Univ. of Heidelberg, Heidelberg (Germany)
Wuhan Univ., Wuhan (China)
Southeast Univ., Nanjing (China)

Through detailed device characterization using cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and trap density of states measurements, we identify that the J-V hysteresis seen in planar organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) using SnO₂ electron selective layers (ESLs) synthesized by low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic-layer deposition (PEALD) method is mainly caused by the imbalanced charge transportation between the ESL/perovskite and the hole selective layer/perovskite interfaces. We find that this charge transportation imbalance is originated from the poor electrical conductivity of the low-temperature PEALD SnO₂ ESL. We further discover that a facile low-temperature thermal annealing of SnO₂ ESLs can effectively improve the electrical mobility of low-temperature PEALD SnO₂ ESLs and consequently significantly reduce or even eliminate the J-V hysteresis. With the reduction of J-V hysteresis and optimization of deposition process, planar PVSCs with stabilized output powers up to 20.3% are achieved. Here, the results of this study provide insights for further enhancing the efficiency of planar PVSCs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S), SunShot Initiative

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1392207

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1378809

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5K00-68335

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 17 Vol. 7; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Improving Performance and Stability of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells through Grain Boundary Passivation with Block Copolymers Wang, Changlei; Song, Zhaoning; Zhao, Dewei Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201970085	journal	May 2019
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Universal passivation strategy to slot-die printed SnO2 for hysteresis-free efficient flexible perovskite solar module Bu, Tongle; Li, Jing; Zheng, Fei Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07099-9	journal	November 2018
Cadmium sulfide as an efficient electron transport material for inverted planar perovskite solar cells Jia, Jinbiao; Wu, Jihuai; Dong, Jia Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09838c	journal	January 2018
A novel quadruple-cation absorber for universal hysteresis elimination for high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells Bu, Tongle; Liu, Xueping; Zhou, Yuan Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ee02634j	journal	January 2017
Understanding the stability of mixed A-cation lead iodide perovskites Charles, Bethan; Dillon, Jessica; Weber, Oliver J. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta08617b	journal	January 2017
Low-temperature processed non-TiO ₂ electron selective layers for perovskite solar cells Guo, Zhanglin; Gao, Liguo; Zhang, Chu Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10742k	journal	January 2018
All-inorganic bifacial CsPbBr ₃ perovskite solar cells with a 98.5%-bifacial factor Li, Yanan; Duan, Jialong; Zhao, Yuanyuan Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 59 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cc04271c	journal	January 2018
Atomic layer deposition of a SnO ₂ electron-transporting layer for planar perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 18.3% Jeong, Seonghwa; Seo, Seongrok; Park, Hyoungmin Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09557d	journal	January 2019
High efficiency MAPbI _3−x Cl _x perovskite solar cell via interfacial passivation Yuan, Sijian; Wang, Jiao; Yang, Kunlong Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr05504a	journal	January 2018
A potassium thiocyanate additive for hysteresis elimination in highly efficient perovskite solar cells Zhang, Ruxiao; Li, Minghua; Huan, Yahuan Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8qi01020j	journal	January 2019
A cascade-type electron extraction design for efficient low-bandgap perovskite solar cells based on a conventional structure with suppressed open-circuit voltage loss Liu, Meiyue; Chen, Ziming; Chen, Zhen Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00620b	journal	January 2019
Synergistic effects of thiocyanate additive and cesium cations on improving the performance and initial illumination stability of efficient perovskite solar cells Wang, Changlei; Song, Zhaoning; Yu, Yue Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8se00200b	journal	January 2018
15% efficient carbon based planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells using a TiO ₂ /SnO ₂ bilayer as the electron transport layer Liu, Zhiyong; Sun, Bo; Liu, Xingyue Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00526e	journal	January 2018
A ternary organic electron transport layer for efficient and photostable perovskite solar cells under full spectrum illumination Xie, Jiangsheng; Arivazhagan, V.; Xiao, Ke Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00816g	journal	January 2018
Methylammonium, formamidinium and ethylenediamine mixed triple-cation perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and remarkable stability Chen, Zhiliang; Zheng, Xiaolu; Yao, Fang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05756g	journal	January 2018
Hot-substrate deposition of all-inorganic perovskite films for low-temperature processed high-efficiency solar cells Wang, Ze; Liu, Xiaodong; Lin, Yiwei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta09855g	journal	January 2019
A Cu ₃ PS ₄ nanoparticle hole selective layer for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells Yin, Xinxing; McClary, Scott A.; Song, Zhaoning Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta12100a	journal	January 2019
Suppressed hysteresis and enhanced performance of triple cation perovskite solar cell with chlorine incorporation Li, Lingfeng; Zhou, Peng; Li, Jing Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc05484c	journal	January 2018
The hysteresis-free behavior of perovskite solar cells from the perspective of the measurement conditions Nemnes, George Alexandru; Besleaga, Cristina; Tomulescu, Andrei Gabriel Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc05999c	journal	January 2019
Correlating hysteresis phenomena with interfacial charge accumulation in perovskite solar cells Chen, Tianyang; Sun, Zhe; Liang, Mao Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp05381f	journal	January 2020
Nucleation and crystal growth control for scalable solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells Hu, Hanlin; Singh, Mriganka; Wan, Xuejuan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta11245f	journal	January 2020
High efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells using SnO ₂ /graphene electron selective layer and silver nanowires electrode Liu, Xiangyang; Yang, Xiaodu; Liu, Xinsheng Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5042299	journal	November 2018
Research progress on organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials and solar cells Ono, Luis K.; Qi, Yabing Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aaa727	journal	February 2018
Atmospherically induced defects in (FASnI ₃ ) _0.6 (MAPbI _{3−3 x} Cl _{3 x} ) _0.4 perovskites Junda, Maxwell M.; Zhao, Dewei; Subedi, Biwas Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab05b2	journal	February 2019

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