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Title: H0LiCOW – II. Spectroscopic survey and galaxy-group identification of the strong gravitational lens system HE 0435-1223

Journal Article · · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [8];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [8];  [13];  [14]
  1. Univ. of Liege, (Belgium). STAR Inst.
  2. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)
  3. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  4. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  5. Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan); Max Planck Society, Garching (Germany). Max Planck Inst. for Astrophysics; Technische Univ. Munchen, Garching (Germany)
  6. Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan); National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo (China)
  7. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  8. Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (Switzlerland). Observatoire de Sauverny
  9. Univ. of Portsmouth (United Kingdom)
  10. Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Munich (Germany); Exzellenzcluster Universe, Garching (Germany)
  11. Univ. of Groningen (The Netherlands). Kapteyn Astronomical Inst.
  12. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
  13. Max Planck Society, Garching (Germany). Max Planck Inst. for Astrophysics
  14. Argelander Inst. for Astronomy, Bonn (Germany)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Galaxies located in the environment or on the line of sight towards gravitational lenses can significantly affect lensing observables, and can lead to systematic errors on the measurement of H0 from the time-delay technique. We present the results of a systematic spectroscopic identi cation of the galaxies in the field of view of the lensed quasar HE0435-1223 using the W. M. Keck, Gemini and ESO-Very Large telescopes. Our new catalog triples the number of known galaxy redshifts in the direct vicinity of the lens, expanding to 102 the number of measured redshifts for galaxies separated by less than 30 from the lens. We complement our catalog with literature data to gather redshifts up to 150 from the lens, and search for galaxy groups or clusters projected towards HE0435-1223. We con rm that the lens is a member of a small group that includes at least 12 galaxies, and nd 8 other group candidates near the line of sight of the lens. The flexion shift, namely the shift of lensed images produced by high order perturbation of the lens potential, is calculated for each galaxy/group and used to identify which objects produce the largest perturbation of the lens potential. This analysis demonstrates that i) at most three of the five brightest galaxies projected within 1200 of the lens need to be explicitly used in the lens models, and ii) the groups can be treated in the lens model as an external tidal field (shear) contribution.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1390596
Journal Information:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 470, Issue 4; ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 40 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cosmological Distance Indicators journal July 2018
Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses: III. Perturbed axisymmetric lenses journal July 2018
COSMOGRAIL: the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses: XVI. Time delays for the quadruply imaged quasar DES J0408−5354 with high-cadence photometric monitoring⋆ journal January 2018
Impact of the 3D source geometry on time-delay measurements of lensed type-Ia supernovae journal January 2019
COSMOGRAIL: XVIII. time delays of the quadruply lensed quasar WFI2033−4723⋆ journal September 2019
The Hubble constant determined through an inverse distance ladder including quasar time delays and Type Ia supernovae journal August 2019
Is every strong lens model unhappy in its own way? Uniform modelling of a sample of 13 quadruply+ imaged quasars journal December 2018
Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses – VI. The origin of the formalism intrinsic degeneracies and their influence on H0 journal June 2019
Galaxy mass profiles from strong lensing I: the circular power-law model journal June 2019
H0LiCOW – IX. Cosmographic analysis of the doubly imaged quasar SDSS 1206+4332 and a new measurement of the Hubble constant journal January 2019
H0LiCOW – X. Spectroscopic/imaging survey and galaxy-group identification around the strong gravitational lens system WFI 2033−4723 journal September 2019
A SHARP view of H0LiCOW: H0 from three time-delay gravitational lens systems with adaptive optics imaging journal September 2019
A measurement of the Hubble constant from angular diameter distances to two gravitational lenses journal September 2019
Analysis of the Angular Dependence of Time Delay in Gravitational Lensing journal July 2018
A Spectroscopic Survey of the Fields of 28 Strong Gravitational Lenses: Implications for H 0 journal November 2017
Measuring the Value of the Hubble Constant “à la Refsdal” journal June 2018
Survey of Gravitationally Lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI). II. Environments and Line-of-Sight Structure of Strong Gravitational Lens Galaxies to z ∼ 0.8 journal November 2018
Estimate of the Accretion Disk Size in the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar HE 0435–1223 Using Microlensing Magnification Statistics journal December 2018
Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses: IV. Formalism-intrinsic degeneracies journal December 2018
Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses III: perturbed axisymmetric lenses text January 2017
A Spectroscopic Survey of the Fields of 28 Strong Gravitational Lenses: Implications for $H_0$ text January 2017
Analysis of the angular dependence of time delay in gravitational lensing text January 2018
Impact of the 3D source geometry on time-delay measurements of lensed type-Ia Supernovae text January 2018
Is every strong lens model unhappy in its own way? Uniform modelling of a sample of 13 quadruply+ imaged quasars text January 2018
H0LiCOW - IX. Cosmographic analysis of the doubly imaged quasar SDSS 1206+4332 and a new measurement of the Hubble constant text January 2018
Survey of Gravitationally-lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI). II. Environments and Line-of-Sight Structure of Strong Gravitational Lens Galaxies to z ~ 0.8 text January 2018
Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses VI: the origin of the formalism intrinsic degeneracies and their influence on $H_0$ text January 2019
Galaxy mass profiles from strong lensing I: The circular power-law model text January 2019
COSMOGRAIL XVIII: time delays of the quadruply lensed quasar WFI2033-4723 text January 2019
A SHARP view of H0LiCOW: $H_{0}$ from three time-delay gravitational lens systems with adaptive optics imaging text January 2019
Toward an Internally Consistent Astronomical Distance Scale book January 2017

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
gravitational lensing: strong
galaxies: groups: general
quasars: individual: HE 0435−1223