Functional analysis of cellulose and xyloglucan in the walls of stomatal guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana

Rui, Yue; Anderson, Charles T.

doi:10.1104/pp.15.01066

Title: Functional analysis of cellulose and xyloglucan in the walls of stomatal guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana

Journal Article · Mon Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Plant Physiology (Bethesda)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.01066· OSTI ID:1387553

Rui, Yue ^[1]; Anderson, Charles T. ^[1]

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

Here, stomatal guard cells are pairs of specialized epidermal cells that control water and CO₂ exchange between the plant and the environment. To fulfill the functions of stomatal opening and closure that are driven by changes in turgor pressure, guard cell walls must be both strong and flexible, but how the structure and dynamics of guard cell walls enable stomatal function remains poorly understood. To address this question, we applied cell biological and genetic analyses to investigate guard cell walls and their relationship to stomatal function in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using live-cell spinning disk confocal microscopy, we measured the motility of cellulose synthase (CESA)-containing complexes labeled by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-CESA3 and observed a reduced proportion of GFP-CESA3 particles colocalizing with microtubules upon stomatal closure. Imaging cellulose organization in guard cells revealed a relatively uniform distribution of cellulose in the open state and a more fibrillar pattern in the closed state, indicating that cellulose microfibrils undergo dynamic reorganization during stomatal movements. In cesa3^je5 mutants defective in cellulose synthesis and xxt1 xxt2 mutants lacking the hemicellulose xyloglucan, stomatal apertures, changes in guard cell length, and cellulose reorganization were aberrant during fusicoccin-induced stomatal opening or abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure, indicating that sufficient cellulose and xyloglucan are required for normal guard cell dynamics. Together, these results provide new insights into how guard cell walls allow stomata to function as responsive mediators of gas exchange at the plant surface.

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Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (CLSF)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001090

OSTI ID:: 1387553

Journal Information:: Plant Physiology (Bethesda), Vol. 170; Related Information: CLSF partners with Pennsylvania State University (lead); North Carolina State University; University of Rhode Island; Virginia Tech University; ISSN 0032-0889

Publisher:: American Society of Plant BiologistsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 44 works

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