Structure of xyloglucan xylosyltransferase 1 reveals simple steric rules that define biological patterns of xyloglucan polymers

Culbertson, Alan T.; Ehrlich, Jacqueline J.; Choe, Jun-Yong; Honzatko, Richard B.; Zabotina, Olga A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1801105115

Title: Structure of xyloglucan xylosyltransferase 1 reveals simple steric rules that define biological patterns of xyloglucan polymers

Journal Article · Mon May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801105115· OSTI ID:1498317

Culbertson, Alan T. ^[1]; Ehrlich, Jacqueline J. ^[1]; Choe, Jun-Yong ^[2]; Honzatko, Richard B. ^[1]; Zabotina, Olga A. ^[1]

Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
Rosalind Franklin Univ. of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL (United States)

The plant cell wall is primarily a polysaccharide mesh of the most abundant biopolymers on earth. Although one of the richest sources of biorenewable materials, the biosynthesis of the plant polysaccharides is poorly understood. Structures of many essential plant glycosyltransferases are unknown and suitable substrates are often unavailable for in vitro analysis. The dearth of such information impedes the development of plants better suited for industrial applications. As such, presented here are structures ofArabidopsisxyloglucan xylosyltransferase 1 (XXT1) without ligands and in complexes with UDP and cellohexaose. XXT1 initiates side-chain extensions from a linear glucan polymer by transferring the xylosyl group from UDP-xylose during xyloglucan biosynthesis. XXT1, a homodimer and member of the GT-A fold family of glycosyltransferases, binds UDP analogously to other GT-A fold enzymes. Structures here and the properties of mutant XXT1s are consistent with a SN_i-like catalytic mechanism. Distinct from other systems is the recognition of cellohexaose by way of an extended cleft. The XXT1 dimer alone cannot produce xylosylation patterns observed for native xyloglucans because of steric constraints imposed by the acceptor binding cleft. Homology modeling of XXT2 and XXT5, the other two xylosyltransferases involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis, reveals a structurally altered cleft in XXT5 that could accommodate a partially xylosylated glucan chain produced by XXT1 and/or XXT2. An assembly of the three XXTs can produce the xylosylation patterns of native xyloglucans, suggesting the involvement of an organized multienzyme complex in the xyloglucan biosynthesis.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); Roy J. Carver Charitable Funds

Grant/Contract Number:: 1121163

OSTI ID:: 1498317

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 115, Issue 23; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

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Cited by: 27 works

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Title: Structure of xyloglucan xylosyltransferase 1 reveals simple steric rules that define biological patterns of xyloglucan polymers

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