Using 81Kr and noble gases to characterize and date groundwater and brines in the Baltic Artesian Basin on the one-million-year timescale

Gerber, Christoph; Vaikmae, Rein; Aeschbach, Werner; Babre, Alise; Jiang, Wei; Leuenberger, Markus; Lu, Zheng -Tian; Mokrik, Robert; Muller, Peter; Raidla, Valle; Saks, Tomas; Waber, H. Niklaus; Weissbach, Therese; Zappala, Jake C.; Purtschert, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.01.033

Using ⁸¹Kr and noble gases to characterize and date groundwater and brines in the Baltic Artesian Basin on the one-million-year timescale

Journal Article · Tue Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.01.033· OSTI ID:1377069

Gerber, Christoph ^[1]; Vaikmae, Rein ^[2]; Aeschbach, Werner ^[3]; Babre, Alise ^[4]; Jiang, Wei ^[5]; Leuenberger, Markus ^[1]; Lu, Zheng -Tian ^[6]; Mokrik, Robert ^[7]; Muller, Peter ^[8]; Raidla, Valle ^[2]; Saks, Tomas ^[4]; Waber, H. Niklaus ^[1]; Weissbach, Therese ^[3]; Zappala, Jake C. ^[9]; Purtschert, Roland ^[1]

Univ. of Bern, Bern (Switzerland)
Tallinn Univ. of Technology, Tallinn (Estonia)
Univ. of Heidelberg, Heidelberg (Germany)
Univ. of Latvia, Riga (Latvia)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); The Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Anhui (China)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States); The Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Anhui (China)
Vilnius Univ., Vilnius (Lithuania)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)

Analyses for ⁸¹Kr and noble gases on groundwater from the deepest aquifer system of the Baltic Artesian Basin (BAB) were performed to determine groundwater ages and uncover the flow dynamics of the system on a timescale of several hundred thousand years. We find that the system is controlled by mixing of three distinct water masses: Interglacial or recent meteoric water (δ¹⁸O ≈ –10.4‰) with a poorly evolved chemical and noble gas signature, glacial meltwater (δ¹⁸O ≤ –18‰) with elevated noble gas concentrations, and an old, high-salinity brine component (δ¹⁸O ≥ –4.5‰, ≥ 90 g Cl^–/L) with strongly depleted atmospheric noble gas concentrations. The ⁸¹Kr measurements are interpreted within this mixing framework to estimate the age of the end-members. Deconvoluted ⁸¹Kr ages range from 300 ka to 1.3 Ma for interglacial or recent meteoric water and glacial meltwater. For the brine component, ages exceed the dating range of the ATTA-3 instrument of 1.3 Ma. The radiogenic noble gas components ⁴He* and ⁴⁰Ar* are less conclusive but also support an age of > 1 Ma for the brine. Based on the chemical and noble gas concentrations and the dating results, we conclude that the brine originates from evaporated seawater that has been modified by later water–rock interaction. Furthermore, as the obtained tracer ages cover several glacial cycles, we discuss the impact of the glacial cycles on flow patterns in the studied aquifer system.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1377069

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1415306

Journal Information:: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Journal Name: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Journal Issue: C Vol. 205; ISSN 0016-7037

Publisher:: The Geochemical Society; The Meteoritical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (79)

Time to reach near-steady state in large aquifers: Time to Reach Near-Steady State in Large Aquifers Rousseau-Gueutin, P.; Love, A. J.; Vasseur, G. Water Resources Research, Vol. 49, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20534	journal	October 2013
The groundwater age in the Middle-Upper Devonian aquifer system, Lithuania Mokrik, R.; Mažeika, J.; Baublytė, A. Hydrogeology Journal, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0403-1	journal	December 2008
Age structure and recharge conditions of a coastal aquifer (northern Germany) investigated with 39Ar, 14C, 3H, He isotopes and Ne Sültenfuβ, Jürgen; Purtschert, Roland; Führböter, Jens F. Hydrogeology Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0663-4	journal	October 2010
Hydrogeological model of the Baltic Artesian Basin Virbulis, Janis; Bethers, Uldis; Saks, Tomas Hydrogeology Journal, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-0970-7	journal	March 2013
Simulation of groundwater age evolution during the Wisconsinian glaciation over the Canadian landscape Lemieux, Jean-Michel; Sudicky, Edward A. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 10, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-009-9142-7	journal	July 2009
Geochemistry and origin of formation brines from the Paris Basin, France Fontes, J. Ch.; Matray, J. M. Chemical Geology, Vol. 109, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90068-T	journal	October 1993
A dating method with39Ar Loosli, H. H. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90021-3	journal	April 1983
Argon accumulation and the crustal degassing flux of40Ar in the Great Artesian Basin, Australia Torgersen, T.; Kennedy, B. M.; Hiyagon, H. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(89)90019-8	journal	February 1989
Crustal neon: a striking uniformity Kennedy, B. M.; Hiyagon, H.; Reynolds, J. H. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90030-2	journal	June 1990
The solubility of noble gases in water and in NaCl brine Smith, S. P.; Kennedy, B. M. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 47, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90273-9	journal	March 1983
Helium accumulation in groundwater, I: An evaluation of sources and the continental flux of crustal 4He in the Great Artesian Basin, Australia Torgersen, T.; Clarke, W. B. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 49, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90011-0	journal	May 1985
The role of seawater freezing in the formation of subsurface brines Herut, Barak; Starinsky, Avraham; Katz, Amitai Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 54, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90190-V	journal	January 1990
Thermal constraints on crustal rare gas release and migration: Evidence from Alpine fluid inclusions Ballentine, C. J.; Mazurek, M.; Gautschi, A. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 58, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90337-9	journal	October 1994
“Excess air” in groundwater Heaton, T. H. E.; Vogel, J. C. Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 50 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(81)90070-6	journal	January 1981
Formation of saline groundwaters in the Baltic region through freezing of seawater during glacial periods Bein, Amos; Arad, Arnon Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 140, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90235-N	journal	December 1992
Äspö, SE Sweden: a natural groundwater flow model derived from hydrogeochemical observations Smellie, J. A. T.; Laaksoharju, M.; Wikberg, P. Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 172, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02720-A	journal	November 1995
Ten years low-level counting in the underground laboratoryin in Bern, Switzerland Loosli, H. H.; Möll, M.; Oeschger, H. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 17, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(86)90172-2	journal	November 1986
Groundwater flow beneath ice sheets: Part I — Large scale patterns Boulton, G. S.; Caban, P. E.; Van Gijssel, K. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(95)00039-R	journal	January 1995
A strontium, oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of brines, Michigan and appalachian basins, Ontario and Michigan McNutt, Robert H.; Frape, Shaun K.; Dollar, Peter Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 2, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(87)90004-7	journal	September 1987
Origin and mixing history of brines, Palo Duro Basin, Texas, U.S.A. Knauth, L. Paul Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(88)90019-4	journal	September 1988
The impact of glaciation on the groundwater regime of Northwest Europe Boulton, G. S.; Caban, P. E.; van Gijssel, K. Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 12, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(95)00030-5	journal	March 1996
The origin and evolution of Canadian Shield brines: evaporation or freezing of seawater? New lithium isotope and geochemical evidence from the Slave craton Bottomley, D. J.; Katz, A.; Chan, L. H. Chemical Geology, Vol. 155, Issue 3-4, p. 295-320 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00166-1	journal	March 1999
New evidence for the origin of hypersaline pore fluids in the Mediterranean basin Vengosh, Avner; Gieskes, Joris; Mahn, Chris Chemical Geology, Vol. 163, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00131-X	journal	February 2000
A comparison of groundwater dating with 81Kr, 36Cl and 4He in four wells of the Great Artesian Basin, Australia Lehmann, B. E.; Love, A.; Purtschert, R. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 211, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00206-1	journal	June 2003
Improving noble gas based paleoclimate reconstruction and groundwater dating using 20Ne/22Ne ratios Peeters, Frank; Beyerle, Urs; Aeschbach-Hertig, Werner Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 67, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00969-9	journal	February 2003
The formation of natural cryogenic brines Starinsky, Abraham; Katz, Amitai Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 67, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01295-4	journal	April 2003
Late Vendian–Early Palæozoic tectonic evolution of the Baltic Basin: regional tectonic implications from subsidence analysis Poprawa, P.; Šliaupa, S.; Stephenson, R. Tectonophysics, Vol. 314, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00245-0	journal	December 1999
Subglacial hydrology in north-western germany during the last glaciation: groundwater flow, tunnel valleys and hydrological cycles Piotrowski, Jan A. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00046-7	journal	January 1997
Saline groundwater and brines in crystalline rocks: the contributions of John Andrews and Jean-Charles Fontes to the solution of a hydrogeological and geochemical problem Fritz, P. Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00074-7	journal	November 1997
Hydrogeochemical conditions and evolution at the Äspö HRL, Sweden Laaksoharju, Marcus; Tullborg, Eva-Lena; Wikberg, Peter Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 14, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00023-2	journal	September 1999
Hydrogeochemical evaluation and modelling performed within the Swedish site investigation programme Laaksoharju, Marcus; Smellie, John; Tullborg, Eva-Lena Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 23, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.02.015	journal	July 2008
Carbon isotope systematics of the Cambrian–Vendian aquifer system in the northern Baltic Basin: Implications to the age and evolution of groundwater Raidla, Valle; Kirsimäe, Kalle; Vaikmäe, Rein Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 27, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.06.005	journal	October 2012
Geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Cambrian–Vendian aquifer system of the Baltic Basin Raidla, Valle; Kirsimäe, Kalle; Vaikmäe, Rein Chemical Geology, Vol. 258, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.10.007	journal	January 2009
Chemical, multi-isotopic (Li–B–Sr–U–H–O) and thermal characterization of Triassic formation waters from the Paris Basin Millot, R.; Guerrot, C.; Innocent, C. Chemical Geology, Vol. 283, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.020	journal	April 2011
Response of noble gas partial pressures in soil air to oxygen depletion Freundt, F.; Schneider, T.; Aeschbach-Hertig, W. Chemical Geology, Vol. 339 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.07.026	journal	February 2013
Sulphur isotope composition of dissolved sulphate in the Cambrian–Vendian aquifer system in the northern part of the Baltic Artesian Basin Raidla, Valle; Kirsimäe, Kalle; Ivask, Jüri Chemical Geology, Vol. 383 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.06.011	journal	September 2014
Hydrochemical and isotopic (δ18O, δ2H, 87Sr/86Sr, δ37Cl and δ81Br) evidence for the origin of saline formation water in a gas reservoir Bagheri, R.; Nadri, A.; Raeisi, E. Chemical Geology, Vol. 384 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.06.017	journal	September 2014
Tracer applications of noble gas radionuclides in the geosciences Lu, Z. -T.; Schlosser, P.; Smethie, W. M. Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 138 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.09.002	journal	November 2014
CO2 geological storage capacity analysis in Estonia and neighbouring regions Shogenova, Alla; Shogenov, Kazbulat; Vaher, Rein Energy Procedia, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.182	journal	January 2011
New insights into the origin and evolution of Lake Vida, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica — A noble gas study in ice and brines Malone, Jessica L.; Castro, M. Clara; Hall, Chris M. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 289, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.034	journal	January 2010
Mechanisms of subglacial groundwater recharge as derived from noble gas, 14C, and stable isotopic data Grundl, Tim; Magnusson, Nathan; Brennwald, Matthias S. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 369-370 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.03.012	journal	May 2013
An 800-kyr record of global surface ocean δ 18 O and implications for ice volume-temperature coupling Shakun, Jeremy D.; Lea, David W.; Lisiecki, Lorraine E. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 426 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.05.042	journal	September 2015
Paleowaters in Silurian-Devonian carbonate aquifers: Geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Great Lakes region since the Late Pleistocene McIntosh, J. C.; Walter, L. M. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.002	journal	May 2006
A redetermination of the isotopic abundances of atmospheric Ar Lee, Jee-Yon; Marti, Kurt; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 70, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1563	journal	September 2006
Br/Cl ratios and O, H, C, and B isotopic constraints on the origin of saline waters from eastern Canada Leybourne, M. I.; Goodfellow, W. D. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 71, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.011	journal	May 2007
Isotopic fractionation of noble gases by diffusion in liquid water: Molecular dynamics simulations and hydrologic applications Bourg, Ian C.; Sposito, Garrison Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 72, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.012	journal	May 2008
Canadian Shield brine from the Con Mine, Yellowknife, NT, Canada: Noble gas evidence for an evaporated Palaeozoic seawater origin mixed with glacial meltwater and Holocene recharge Greene, Shane; Battye, Nick; Clark, Ian Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 72, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.058	journal	August 2008
Fossil brines preserved in the St-Lawrence Lowlands, Québec, Canada as revealed by their chemistry and noble gas isotopes Pinti, Daniele L.; Béland-Otis, Catherine; Tremblay, Alain Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 75, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.006	journal	August 2011
The interglacial–glacial cycle and geochemical evolution of Canadian and Fennoscandian Shield groundwaters Stotler, R. L.; Frape, S. K.; Ruskeeniemi, T. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 76 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.006	journal	January 2012
An atom counter for measuring ⁸¹Kr and ⁸⁵Kr in environmental samples Jiang, W.; Bailey, K.; Lu, Z.-T. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 91, p. 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.019	journal	August 2012
Krypton-81 in groundwater of the Culebra Dolomite near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, New Mexico Sturchio, Neil C.; Kuhlman, Kristopher L.; Yokochi, Reika Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Vol. 160 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.02.002	journal	May 2014
Ice-flow pattern and extent of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet southeast of the Baltic Sea Kalm, Volli Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 44 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.01.019	journal	June 2012
A Mass Spectrometric System for the Analysis of Noble Gases and Tritium from Water Samples Beyerle, Urs; Aeschbach-Hertig, Werner; Imboden, Dieter M. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 34, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/es990840h	journal	May 2000
One million year old groundwater in the Sahara revealed by krypton-81 and chlorine-36: NUBIAN AQUIFER AGE Sturchio, N. C.; Du, X.; Purtschert, R. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019234	journal	March 2004
Pleistocene hydrology of North America: The role of ice sheets in reorganizing groundwater flow systems: PLEISTOCENE HYDROGEOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICA Person, Mark; McIntosh, Jennifer; Bense, Victor Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 45, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006RG000206	journal	September 2007
Dynamics of groundwater recharge and seepage over the Canadian landscape during the Wisconsinian glaciation Lemieux, J. -M.; Sudicky, E. A.; Peltier, W. R. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue F1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000838	journal	January 2008
Modeling excess air and degassing in groundwater by equilibrium partitioning with a gas phase: MODELING GAS PARTITIONING Aeschbach-Hertig, Werner; El-Gamal, Hany; Wieser, Martin Water Resources Research, Vol. 44, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006454	journal	August 2008
Continental degassing flux of ⁴ He and its variability : DEGASSING FLUX OF Torgersen, Thomas Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002930	journal	June 2010
Helium isotope fluxes and groundwater ages in the Dogger Aquifer, Paris Basin Marty, Bernard; Torgersen, Thomas; Meynier, Vincent Water Resources Research, Vol. 29, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00007	journal	April 1993
Atmospheric and subsurface sources of stable and radioactive nuclides used for groundwater dating Lehmann, Bernhard E.; Davis, Stanley N.; Fabryka-Martin, June T. Water Resources Research, Vol. 29, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00543	journal	July 1993
Measurement of the diffusion coefficients of sparingly soluble gases in water Jähne, Bernd; Heinz, Gerhard; Dietrich, Wolfgang Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue C10 https://doi.org/10.1029/JC092iC10p10767	journal	January 1987
A theoretical analysis of groundwater flow in small drainage basins Tóth, J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 68, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ068i016p04795	journal	August 1963
Water from low-permeability sediments and land subsidence Domenico, P. A.; Mifflin, M. D. Water Resources Research, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/WR001i004p00563	journal	December 1965
Isotope composition of air moisture over the Mediterranean Sea: an index of the air-sea interaction pattern Gat, J. R.; Klein, B.; Kushnir, Y. Tellus B, Vol. 55, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00081.x	journal	November 2003
Continental degassing of 4He by surficial discharge of deep groundwater Aggarwal, Pradeep K.; Matsumoto, Takuya; Sturchio, Neil C. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2302	journal	December 2014
The Solubility of Nitrogen and Air in Liquids Battino, Rubin; Rettich, Timothy R.; Tominaga, Toshihiro Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555713	journal	April 1984
Lower Groundwater ¹⁴ C Age by Atmospheric CO ₂ Uptake During Sampling and Analysis : P.K. Aggarwal et al. Ground Water xx, no. x: xx-xx Aggarwal, Pradeep K.; Araguas-Araguas, Luis; Choudhry, Manzoor Groundwater, Vol. 52, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12110	journal	August 2013
Glacial impacts on hydrologic processes in sedimentary basins: evidence from natural tracer studies: Glacial impacts on basin hydrology McINTOSH, J. C.; Schlegel, M. E.; Person, M. Geofluids, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2011.00344.x	journal	September 2011
Models for air-water gas transfer: an experimental investigation HolmÉN, Kim; Liss, Peter Tellus B, Vol. 36B, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.1984.tb00231.x	journal	April 1984
Regional Flow in the Baltic Shield During Holocene Coastal Regression Voss, Clifford I.; Andersson, Johan Ground Water, Vol. 31, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00873.x	journal	November 1993
Recharge and Preservation of Laurentide Glacial Melt Water in the Canadian Shield Clark, Ian D.; Douglas, Malcolm; Raven, Kenneth Ground Water, Vol. 38, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02709.x	journal	September 2000
Ultrasensitive Isotope Trace Analyses with a Magneto-Optical Trap Chen, C. Y. Science, Vol. 286, Issue 5442 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5442.1139	journal	November 1999
Tracing Noble gas Radionuclides in the Environment Collon, Philippe; Kutschera, Walter; Lu, Zheng-Tian Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 54, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110622	journal	December 2004
Notizen: A Redetermination of the Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Neon Eberhardt, P.; Eugster, O.; Marti, K. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-1965-0420	journal	April 1965
Quaternary of Norden Wohlfarth, Barbara; Björck, Svante; Funder, Svend Episodes, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2008/v31i1/011	journal	March 2008
Production, Release and Transport of Noble Gases in the Continental Crust Ballentine, C. J.; Burnard, P. G. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2002.47.12	journal	January 2002
Tracing Fluid Origin, Transport and Interaction in the Crust Ballentine, C. J.; Burgess, R.; Marty, B. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2002.47.13	journal	January 2002
Dissolved gas dynamics in perennially ice-covered Lake Fryxell, Antarctica Hood, E. M.; Howes, B. L.; Jenkins, W. J. Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.2.0265	journal	March 1998
The density of seawater as a function of salinity (5 to 70 g kg⁻¹) and temperature (273.15 to 363.15 K) Millero, F. J.; Huang, F. Ocean Science, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-91-2009	journal	January 2009

Cited By (11)

39Ar dating with small samples provides new key constraints on ocean ventilation Ebser, Sven; Kersting, Arne; Stöven, Tim Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07465-7	journal	November 2018
Late Pleistocene and Holocene groundwater flow history in the Baltic Artesian Basin: a synthesis of numerical models and hydrogeochemical data Vaikmäe, R.; Pärn, J.; Raidla, V. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 70, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.11	journal	January 2021
Advancing Physically-Based Flow Simulations of Alluvial Systems Through Atmospheric Noble Gases and the Novel ³⁷ Ar Tracer Method: INTEGRATING TRACERS WITH MODELS Schilling, Oliver S.; Gerber, Christoph; Partington, Daniel J. Water Resources Research, Vol. 53, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017wr020754	journal	December 2017
Balneotherapy for musculoskeletal pain: does the mineral content matter? Rapolienė, Lolita; Razbadauskas, Artūras; Mockevičienė, Daiva International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 64, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01800-3	journal	October 2019
Global Isotope Hydrogeology―Review Jasechko, Scott Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 57, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018rg000627	journal	July 2019
The Demographics of Water: A Review of Water Ages in the Critical Zone Sprenger, Matthias; Stumpp, Christine; Weiler, Markus Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 57, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018rg000633	journal	July 2019
Radiokrypton unveils dual moisture sources of a deep desert aquifer Yokochi, Reika; Ram, Roi; Zappala, Jake C. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904260116	journal	July 2019
Injection-Triggered Occlusion of Flow Pathways in Geothermal Operations Brehme, Maren; Regenspurg, Simona; Leary, Peter Geofluids, Vol. 2018 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4694829	journal	July 2018
A Review of the Hydrochemistry of a Deep Sedimentary Aquifer and Its Consequences for Geothermal Operation: Klaipeda, Lithuania Brehme, Maren; Nowak, Kerstin; Banks, David Geofluids, Vol. 2019 https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4363592	journal	April 2019
The Demographics of Water: A Review of Water Ages in the Critical Zone Sprenger, Matthias; Stumpp, Christine; Weiler, Markus ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000374956	text	January 2019
Radiokrypton unveils dual moisture sources of a deep desert aquifer Yokochi, Reika; Ram, Roi; Zappala, Jake C. National Academy of Sciences NAS https://doi.org/10.48350/157202	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Using ⁸¹Kr and isotopic tracers to characterise old groundwater in the Bangkok metropolitan and vicinity areas

Journal Article · Sun Oct 08 20:00:00 EDT 2023 · Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies (Online) · OSTI ID:2523633

Altersbestimmung an thermalen Tiefenwässern im Oberjura des Molassebeckens mittels Krypton-Isotopen

Journal Article · Tue Sep 24 20:00:00 EDT 2019 · Grundwasser · OSTI ID:1580732

Origin of water masses in Floridan Aquifer System revealed by ⁸¹Kr

Journal Article · Wed Jun 30 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · OSTI ID:1813110

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
58 GEOSCIENCES
Brine
Cambrian-Vendian aquifer system
Degassing
Environmental tracers
Glacial meltwater
Groundwater dating
Krypton-81
Mixing analysis
Paleoclimate