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Title: Comparative genomics of Mortierella elongata and its bacterial endosymbiont Mycoavidus cysteinexigens

Journal Article · · Environmental Microbiology
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  1. Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States). Dept. of Biology
  2. LF Lambert Spawn Company, Coatesville, PA (United States)
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Biosciences Division
  4. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
  6. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab.
  7. Univ. of Lorraine, Nancy (France). National Inst. for Agricultural Research
  8. Goethe Univ., Frankfurt (Germany). Inst. for Molecular Biosciences
  9. Aix-Marseille Univ., and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille (France). Architecture and Function of Biological Molecules
  10. Utrecht Univ., (The Netherlands). Dept. of Biology
  11. Joint Genome Inst., Oakland CA (United States)

One defining feature of cellular evolution is endosymbiosis of bacteria by eukaryotes. In addition to well-known bacterial origins for mitochondria and chloroplasts, multiple origins of bacterial endosymbiosis are known within the cells of diverse animals, plants and fungi. Early-diverging lineages of terrestrial fungi harbor endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the Burkholderiaceae. We sequenced the metagenome of the soil-inhabiting fungus Mortierella elongata and assembled the complete circular chromosome of its endosymbiont, Mycoavidus cysteinexigens, which we place within a lineage of endofungal symbionts that are sister clade to Burkholderia. Furthermore, the genome of M. elongata strain AG77 features a core set of primary metabolic pathways for degradation of simple carbohydrates and lipid biosynthesis, while the M. cysteinexigens (AG77) genome is reduced in size and function. Our experiments using antibiotics to cure the endobacterium from the host demonstrate that the fungal host metabolism is highly modulated by presence/absence of M. cysteinexigens. Independent comparative phylogenomic analyses of fungal and bacterial genomes are consistent with an ancient origin for M. elongata – M. cysteinexigens symbiosis, most likely over 350 million years ago and concomitant with the terrestrialization of Earth and diversification of land fungi and plants.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725; AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1342658
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1342680; OSTI ID: 1375465
Journal Information:
Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 19, Issue 8; ISSN 1462-2912
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 102 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Fungal diversity notes 603–708: taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on genera and species journal November 2017
Algae and fungi move from the past to the future journal July 2019
Metabolome changes are induced in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita by germination and by its bacterial endosymbiont journal June 2018
Who lives in a fungus? The diversity, origins and functions of fungal endobacteria living in Mucoromycota journal April 2017
Mortierella elongata 's roles in organic agriculture and crop growth promotion in a mineral soil journal May 2018
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Bacterial–fungal interactions: ecology, mechanisms and challenges journal February 2018
Characterization of Bacterial and Fungal Communities Reveals Novel Consortia in Tropical Oligotrophic Peatlands journal January 2020
Mycoplasma-related endobacteria within Mortierellomycotina fungi: diversity, distribution and functional insights into their lifestyle journal February 2018
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Unveiling Concealed Functions of Endosymbiotic Bacteria Harbored in the Ascomycete Stachylidium bicolor journal June 2018
Unity in diversity: structural and functional insights into the ancient partnerships between plants and fungi journal April 2018
Comparative genomics of Rhizophagus irregularis , R. cerebriforme , R. diaphanus and Gigaspora rosea highlights specific genetic features in Glomeromycotina journal February 2019
Increasing access to microfluidics for studying fungi and other branched biological structures journal June 2019
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Phylogenomic analyses of non-Dikarya fungi supports horizontal gene transfer driving diversification of secondary metabolism in the amphibian gastrointestinal symbiont, Basidiobolus journal April 2020
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Do fungi have an innate immune response? An NLR-based comparison to plant and animal immune systems journal October 2017
Microfluidics and Metabolomics Reveal Symbiotic Bacterial–Fungal Interactions Between Mortierella elongata and Burkholderia Include Metabolite Exchange journal October 2019