Analysis of gas jetting and fumarole acoustics at Aso Volcano, Japan

McKee, Kathleen; Fee, David; Yokoo, Akihiko; Matoza, Robin S.; Kim, Keehoon

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.03.029

Title: Analysis of gas jetting and fumarole acoustics at Aso Volcano, Japan

Journal Article · Thu Mar 30 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.03.029· OSTI ID:1366922

McKee, Kathleen ^[1]; Fee, David ^[1]; Yokoo, Akihiko ^[2]; Matoza, Robin S. ^[3]; Kim, Keehoon ^[4]

Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States). Alaska Volcano Observatory. Wilson Alaska Technical Center. Geophysical Inst.
Kyoto Univ., Minami-Aso (Japan). Aso Volcanological Lab. Inst. for Geothermal Sciences
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Dept. of Earth Science. Earth Research Inst.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

The gas-thrust region of a large volcanic eruption column is predominately a momentum-driven, fluid flow process that perturbs the atmosphere and produces sound akin to noise from jet and rocket engines, termed “jet noise”. In this paper, we aim to enhance understanding of large-scale volcanic jets by studying an accessible, less hazardous fumarolic jet. We characterize the acoustic signature of ~ 2.5-meter wide vigorously jetting fumarole at Aso Volcano, Japan using a 5-element infrasound array located on the nearby crater. The fumarole opened on 13 July 2015 on the southwest flank of the partially collapsed pyroclastic cone within Aso Volcano's Naka-dake crater and had persistent gas jetting, which produced significant audible jet noise. The array was ~ 220 m from the fumarole and 57.6° from the vertical jet axis, a recording angle not typically feasible in volcanic environments. Array processing is performed to distinguish fumarolic jet noise from wind. Highly correlated periods are characterized by sustained, low-amplitude signal with a 7–10 Hz spectral peak. Finite difference time domain method numerical modeling suggests the influence of topography near the vent and along the propagation path significantly affects the spectral content, complicating comparisons with laboratory jet noise. The fumarolic jet has a low estimated Mach number (0.3 to 0.4) and measured temperature of ~ 260 °C. The Strouhal number for infrasound from volcanic jet flows and geysers is not known; thus we assume a peak Strouhal number of 0.19 based on pure-air laboratory jet experiments. This assumption leads to an estimated exit velocity of the fumarole of ~ 79 to 132 m/s. Finally, using published gas composition data from 2003 to 2009, the fumarolic vent area estimated from thermal infrared images, and estimated jet velocity, we estimate total volatile flux at ~ 160–270 kg/s (14,000–23,000 t/d).

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States); Kyoto Univ., Minami-Aso (Japan); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; EAPSI-1515624; NSF-EAR-1113294

OSTI ID:: 1366922

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-729060

Journal Information:: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 340; ISSN 0377-0273

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 25 works

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The thermal signature of Aso Volcano during unrest episodes detected from space and ground-based measurements Cigolini, Corrado; Coppola, Diego; Yokoo, Akihiko Earth, Planets and Space, Vol. 70, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0831-7	journal	April 2018
Temporal variation in source location of continuous tremors before ash–gas emissions in January 2014 at Aso volcano, Japan Ichimura, Misa; Yokoo, Akihiko; Kagiyama, Tsuneomi Earth, Planets and Space, Vol. 70, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0895-4	journal	August 2018
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