Origin, speciation, and fluxes of trace-element gases at Augustine volcano, Alaska: Insights into magma degassing and fumarolic processes

Journal Article · Sat Feb 01 04:00:00 EST 1992 · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90087-Y· OSTI ID:5319791

Symonds, R B; Rose, W I ^[1]; Reed, M H ^[2]

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1. Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton (United States)
2. Univ. of Oregon, Eugene (United States)

Thermochemical modeling predicts that trace elements in the Augustine gas are transported from near-surface magma as simple chloride, oxychloride, sulfide, and elemental gas species. However, Si, Ca, Al, Mg, Ti, V, and Cr are actually more concentrated in solids, beta-quartz (SiO{sub 2}), wollastonite (CaSiO{sub 3}), anorthite (CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 8}), diopside (CaMgSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}), sphene (CaTiSiO{sub 5}), V{sub 2}O{sub 3}(c), and Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}(c), respectively, than in their most abundant gaseous species, SiF{sub 4}, CaCl{sub 2}, AlF{sub 2}O, MgCl{sub 2}, TiCl{sub 4}, VOCl{sub 3}, and CrO{sub 2}Cl{sub 2}. Using the calculated distribution of gas species and the COSPEC SO{sub 2} fluxes, the authors have estimated the emission rates for many species. Such forecasts could be useful to evaluate the effects of these trace species on atmospheric chemistry. Because of the high volatility of metal chlorides, the extremely HCl-rich Augustine volcanic gases are favorable for transporting metals from magma. Thermochemical modeling shows that equilibrium degassing of magma near 870C can account for the concentrations of Fe, Na, K, Mn, Cu, Ni, and part of the Mg in the gases escaping from the dome fumaroles on the 1986 lava dome. Nonvolatile elements in the gas condensates came from eroded rock particles that dissolved in the authors' samples or, for Si, from contamination from the silica sampling tube. Erosion is more prevalent in the pyroclastic flow fumaroles than in the summit vents, reflecting physical differences in the fumarole walls: ash vs. lava. Trace element contents of volcanic gases show enormous variability because of differences in the intensive parameters of degassing magma and variable amounts of wall rock erosion in volcanic fumaroles.

• OSTI ID: 5319791
• Journal Information: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; (United States), Journal Name: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; (United States) Vol. 56:2; ISSN GCACA; ISSN 0016-7037
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

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