Quantifying Cr(VI) Production and Export from Serpentine Soil of the California Coast Range

McClain, Cynthia N.; Fendorf, Scott; Webb, Samuel M.; Maher, Kate

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b03484

Quantifying Cr(VI) Production and Export from Serpentine Soil of the California Coast Range

Journal Article · Tue Nov 22 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Environmental Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03484· OSTI ID:1361123

^[1]; ^[1]; Webb, Samuel M. ^[2]; Maher, Kate ^[1]

Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Here, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is generated in serpentine soils and exported to surface and groundwaters at levels above health-based drinking water standards. Although Cr(VI) concentrations are elevated in serpentine soil pore water, few studies have reported field evidence documenting Cr(VI) production rates and fluxes that govern Cr(VI) transport from soil to water sources. We report Cr speciation (i) in four serpentine soil depth profiles derived from the California Coast Range serpentinite belt and (ii) in local surface waters. Within soils, we detected Cr(VI) in the same horizons where Cr(III)-minerals are colocated with biogenic Mn(III/IV)-oxides, suggesting Cr(VI) generation through oxidation by Mn-oxides. Water-extractable Cr(VI) concentrations increase with depth constituting a 7.8 to 12 kg/km² reservoir of Cr(VI) in soil. Here, Cr(VI) is produced at a rate of 0.3 to 4.8 kg Cr(VI)/km²/yr and subsequently flushed from soil during water infiltration, exporting 0.01 to 3.9 kg Cr(VI)/km²/yr at concentrations ranging from 25 to 172 μg/L. Although soil-derived Cr(VI) is leached from soil at concentrations exceeding 10 μg/L, due to reduction and dilution during transport to streams, Cr(VI) levels measured in local surface waters largely remain below California’s drinking water limit.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1361123

Journal Information:: Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 51; ISSN 0013-936X

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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