Hexavalent Chromium Generation within Naturally Structured Soils and Sediments

Hausladen, Debra M.; Fendorf, Scott

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b04039

Hexavalent Chromium Generation within Naturally Structured Soils and Sediments

Journal Article · Fri Jan 13 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Environmental Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04039· OSTI ID:1353183

Hausladen, Debra M. ^[1]; ^[1]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Earth System Science

Chromium(VI) produced from the oxidation of indigenous Cr(III) minerals is increasingly being recognized as a threat to groundwater quality. A critical determinant of Cr(VI) generation within soils and sediments is the necessary interaction of two low-solubility phases$$-$$Cr(III) silicates or (hydr)oxides and Mn(III/IV) oxides—that lead to its production. Here in this paper, we investigate the potential for Cr(III) oxidation by Mn oxides within fixed solid matrices common to soils and sediments. Artificial aggregates were constructed from Cr(OH)₃- and Cr_0.25Fe_0.75(OH)₃-coated quartz grains and either mixed with synthetic birnessite or inoculated with the Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium Leptothrix cholodnii. In aggregates simulating low organic carbon environments, we observe Cr(VI) concentrations within advecting solutes at levels more than twenty-times the California drinking water standard. Chromium(VI) production is highly dependent on Cr-mineral solubility; increasing Fe-substitution (x = 0 to x = 0.75) decreases the solubility of the solid and concomitantly decreases total Cr(VI) generation by 37%. In environments with high organic carbon, reducing conditions within aggregate cores (microbially) generate sufficient Fe(II) to suppress Cr(VI) efflux. Our results illustrate Cr(VI) generation from reaction with Mn oxides within structured media simulating soils and sediments and provide insight into how fluctuating hydrologic and redox conditions impact coupled processes controlling Cr and Mn cycling.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1353183

Journal Information:: Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 51; ISSN 0013-936X

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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