A Physicochemical Method for Separating Rare Earths: Addressing an Impending Shortfall

Schelter, Eric

doi:10.2172/1346741

Title: A Physicochemical Method for Separating Rare Earths: Addressing an Impending Shortfall

Technical Report · Tue Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2017

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/1346741· OSTI ID:1346741

^[1]

Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

There are currently zero operating suppliers of critical rare earth elements La–Lu, Sc, Y (REs), in the western hemisphere. REs are critical materials due to their importance in clean energy and defense applications, including permanent magnets in wind turbines and phosphors in energy efficient lighting. It is not economically viable to produce pure REs in the U.S. given current separations technology. REs production is dominated by suppliers in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) because of their capacity in liquidliquid solvent extraction (SX) used to purify mixtures. Weak environmental regulations in the PRC also contribute to a competitive advantage. SX is a cost, time, solvent and waste intensive process but is highly optimized and scalable. The low efficiency of SX derives from the small thermodynamic differences in solvation enthalpy between the RE3+ cations. To foster stable domestic RE production there is a critical need for fundamentally new REs chemistry that contributes to disruptive technologies in RE separations. The overall goal of this project was to develop new thermodynamic bases, and apply them, for the solution separation of rare earth metals. We have developed the chemistry of rare earth metals: La–Lu, Sc and Y, with redox active ligands. Our hypothesis for the project was that electronhole coupling in complexes of certain lanthanide metals with redox active ligands can be used to manifest chemical distinctiveness and affect separations. We also developed separations based on unique solution equilibria from tailored ligands.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

DOE Contract Number:: SC0006518

OSTI ID:: 1346741

Report Number(s):: DOE-UPENN-6518-2

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
lanthanides
rare earth metals
separations chemistry

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Title: A Physicochemical Method for Separating Rare Earths: Addressing an Impending Shortfall

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