Structural behavior of ZnCr2S4 spinel under pressure

Efthimiopoulos, I.; Lochbiler, T.; Tsurkan, V.; Loidl, A.; Felea, V.; Wang, Y.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11253

Structural behavior of ZnCr₂S₄ spinel under pressure

Journal Article · Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11253· OSTI ID:1340640

^[1]; Lochbiler, T. ^[2]; Tsurkan, V. ^[3]; Loidl, A. ^[4]; Felea, V. ^[5]; Wang, Y. ^[2]

Oakland Univ., Rochester, MI (United States). Dept. of Physics; Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam (Germany); GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam
Oakland Univ., Rochester, MI (United States). Dept. of Physics
Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Moldova). Inst. of Applied Physics; Univ. of Augsburg (Germany). Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Inst. of Physics
Univ. of Augsburg (Germany). Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Inst. of Physics
Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Moldova). Inst. of Applied Physics

Here, the series of Cr-chalcogenide spinels ACr₂X₄ (A = Zn, Cd, Hg; X = S, Se) exhibits a rich phase diagram upon compression, as revealed by our recent investigations. There exist, however, some open questions regarding the role of cations in the observed structural transitions. In order to address these queries, we have performed X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies on the ZnCr₂S₄ spinel up to 42 GPa, chosen mainly due to the similarity of the Zn²⁺ and Cr³⁺ cationic radii. Two reversible structural transitions were identified at 22 and 33 GPa, into a I4₁/amd and an orthorhombic phase, respectively. Close comparison with the behavior of relevant Cr-spinels revealed that the structural transitions are mainly governed by the competition of the magnetic exchange interactions present in these systems, and not by steric effects. In addition, careful inspection of the starting Fd$$\bar{3}$$m phase revealed a previously unnoticed isostructural transition. The latter is intimately related to changes in the electronic properties of these systems, as evidenced by our Raman studies. Our results provide insights for tuning the physical and chemical properties of these materials, even under moderate compression, as well as promoting the understanding of similar pressure-induced effects in relevant systems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (Germany); Oakland Univ., Rochester, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: NSF; USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; FG02-94ER14466; FG02-99ER45775; NA0001974

OSTI ID:: 1340640

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1340714

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Journal Name: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 121; ISSN 1932-7447

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (73)

Raman single crystal studies of spinel type MCr2S4(M  Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Cd), MIn2S4(M  Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), MnCr2-2xIn2xS4 and Co1-xCdxCr2S4 Lutz, H. D.; Becker, W.; Müller, B. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 20, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250200207	journal	February 1989
Exchange Integrals and Magnetic Properties of Mixed Chromium Spinel Systems: Zn1−xAxCr2X4 (A = Cd, Hg and X  S, Se) Hamedoun, M.; Zerhouni, A.; Rachadi, A. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 192, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221920119	journal	November 1995
The influence of the Jahn–Teller effect at Fe2+ on the structure of chromite at high pressure Kyono, Atsushi; Gramsch, Stephen A.; Yamanaka, Takamitsu Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-011-0468-6	journal	November 2011
On the amorphisation of ZnCr 2 S 4 spinel under high pressure: x-ray diffraction studies Wittlinger, J.; Werner, S.; Schulz, H. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 24, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002690050077	journal	October 1997
High-pressure decomposition of MCr 2 O 4 spinels (M=Mg, Mn, Zn) by ab initio methods Catti, M.; Fava, F. Freyria; Zicovich, C. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 26, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002690050199	journal	May 1999
Polymorphism in selenospinels—A high pressure phase of CdCr2Se4 Banus, Mario D.; Lavine, Mary C. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(69)90016-4	journal	June 1969
Spinel to defect NiAs structure transformation Bouchard, R. J. Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(67)90085-2	journal	April 1967
High pressure polymorphism of spinel compounds Albers, W.; Rooymans, C. J. M. Solid State Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(65)90268-1	journal	December 1965
Transition metal sulfides Rao, C. N. R.; Pisharody, K. P. R. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6786(76)90009-1	journal	January 1976
Local lattice distortions in chromium chalcogenide spinels at low temperatures Göbel, H. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(76)90025-1	journal	March 1976
Magnetically ordered multinary semiconductors Nikiforov, Konstantin G. Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, Vol. 39, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8974(99)00016-9	journal	January 1999
High-pressure structural behaviour of Cu0.5Fe0.5Cr2S4: An experimental and theoretical study Waśkowska, A.; Gerward, L.; Staun Olsen, J. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 578 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.05.123	journal	November 2013
Magnetic field and pressure effects on magnetism of bond-frustrated ZnCr2S4 Xie, Y. M.; Yang, Z. R.; Zhang, Z. T. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 339 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.03.010	journal	August 2013
Pressure-induced phase transition study of magnesiochromite (MgCr2O4) by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction Yong, Wenjun; Botis, Sanda; Shieh, Sean R. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 196-197 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2012.02.011	journal	April 2012
Pressure-induced transition in titanium metal a systematic study of the effects of uniaxial stress Errandonea, Daniel; Meng, Y.; Somayazulu, M. Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 355, Issue 1-4, p. 116-125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2004.10.030	journal	January 2005
Isostructural Phase Transition in Bismuth Oxide Chloride Induced by Redistribution of Charge under High Pressure Zhao, Jinggeng; Xu, Lingling; Liu, Yang The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b07180	journal	November 2015
Structural Distortions of the Metal Dichalcogenide Units in AMo ₂ S ₄ (A = V, Cr, Fe, Co) and Magnetic and Electrical Properties Vaqueiro, Paz; Kosidowski, M. Laura; Powell, Anthony V. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm010720k	journal	March 2002
Spinel to CaFe ₂ O ₄ Transformation: Mechanism and Properties of β-CdCr ₂ O ₄ Arévalo-López, Ángel M.; Dos santos-García, Antonio J.; Castillo-Martínez, Elizabeth Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 49, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic902228h	journal	March 2010
Calibration of the ruby pressure gauge to 800 kbar under quasi-hydrostatic conditions Mao, H. K.; Xu, J.; Bell, P. M. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 91, Issue B5, p. 4673-4676 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB05p04673	journal	January 1986
Relaxor ferroelectricity and colossal magnetocapacitive coupling in ferromagnetic CdCr2S4 Hemberger, J.; Lunkenheimer, P.; Fichtl, R. Nature, Vol. 434, Issue 7031 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03348	journal	March 2005
Raman spectroscopy of AMn2O4 (A = Mn, Mg and Zn) spinels Malavasi, Lorenzo; Galinetto, Pietro; Mozzati, Maria C. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/b203520k	journal	June 2002
High-pressure metaelastic properties of LixMn3−xO4 (x = 0.87, 0.94, 1.00) Piszora, Paweł; Nowicki, Waldemar; Darul, Jolanta Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 18, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1039/b719682b	journal	January 2008
Vibrational dynamics and stability of the high-pressure chain and ring phases in S and Se Degtyareva, Olga; Hernández, Eduardo R.; Serrano, Jorge The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2433944	journal	February 2007
Novel pressure-induced phase transitions in Co ₃ O ₄ Hirai, Shigeto; Mao, Wendy L. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4790387	journal	January 2013
Multiple pressure-induced transitions in HgCr ₂ S ₄ Efthimiopoulos, Ilias; Yaresko, Alexander; Tsurkan, Vladimir Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4830225	journal	November 2013
Pressurizing the HgCr ₂ Se ₄ spinel at room temperature Efthimiopoulos, Ilias; Yaresko, Alexander; Tsurkan, Vladimir Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4861591	journal	January 2014
Comment on “High-pressure x-ray diffraction study of YBO ₃ /Eu ³⁺ , GdBO ₃ , and EuBO ₃ : Pressure-induced amorphization in GdBO ₃ ” [J. Appl. Phys. 115 , 043507 (2014)] Errandonea, D.; Muñoz, A.; Gonzalez-Platas, J. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4881057	journal	June 2014
Correlated structural and electronic phase transformations in transition metal chalcogenide under high pressure Li, Chunyu; Ke, Feng; Hu, Qingyang Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4945323	journal	April 2016
Multiferroicity and colossal magneto-capacitance in Cr-thiospinels Hemberger, J.; Lunkenheimer, P.; Fichtl, R. Phase Transitions, Vol. 79, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1080/01411590601067193	journal	December 2006
High-Pressure X-ray Studies of Zn at Room and Low Temperatures with a He-Pressure Medium Takemura, K.; Yamawaki, H.; Fujihisa, H. High Pressure Research, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/08957950212816	journal	January 2002
Crystal structure of sulfur and selenium at pressures up to 160 GPa Degtyareva, O.; Gregoryanz, E.; Mao, H. K. High Pressure Research, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/08957950412331331682	journal	March 2005
The bulk modulus of cubic spinel selenides: an experimental and theoretical study Waskowska, A.; Gerward, L.; Olsen, J. Staun High Pressure Research, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/08957950802338642	journal	March 2009
Two-dimensional detector software: From real detector to idealised image or two-theta scan Hammersley, A. P.; Svensson, S. O.; Hanfland, M. High Pressure Research, Vol. 14, Issue 4-6, p. 235-248 https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959608201408	journal	January 1996
Hydrostatic limits of 11 pressure transmitting media Klotz, S.; Chervin, J-C.; Munsch, P. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 7, Article No. 075413 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/7/075413	journal	March 2009
Lattice Dynamics at Zone-Center of Sulphide and Selenide Spinels Kushwaha, A. K. Communications in Theoretical Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/50/6/36	journal	December 2008
Raman spectroscopic studies of lithium manganates with spinel structure Julien, C. M.; Massot, M. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 15, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/15/19/315	journal	May 2003
High-pressure behaviour of selenium-based spinels and related structures—an experimental and theoretical study Wa kowska, A.; Gerward, L.; Olsen, J. Staun Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/1/006	journal	December 2003
Crystal distortions in geometrically frustrated ACr ₂ O ₄ (A = Zn,Cd) Lee, S-H; Gasparovic, G.; Broholm, C. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 19, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/19/14/145259	journal	March 2007
Density-functional-theory investigation of pressure induced semiconductor–metal transitions in the ferromagnetic semiconductor HgCr ₂ Se ₄ Guo, San-Dong; Liu, Bang-Gui Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/24/4/045502	journal	January 2012
Orbital ordering in transition-metal spinels Radaelli, Paolo G. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/053	journal	January 2005
Spin-phonon coupling in antiferromagnetic chromium spinels Rudolf, T.; Kant, Ch; Mayr, F. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/3/076	journal	March 2007
Exchange Interactions in Ferromagnetic Chromium Chalcogenide Spinels Baltzer, P. K.; Wojtowicz, P. J.; Robbins, M. Physical Review, Vol. 151, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.151.367	journal	November 1966
Finite Elastic Strain of Cubic Crystals Birch, Francis Physical Review, Vol. 71, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.71.809	journal	June 1947
Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the exchange interactions in a ferromagnetic spinel CdCr 2 Se 4 Sakai, Nobuko; Pifer, Joe H. Physical Review B, Vol. 33, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.33.1875	journal	February 1986
Cubic ZnS under pressure: Optical-absorption edge, phase transition, and calculated equation of state Ves, S.; Schwarz, U.; Christensen, N. E. Physical Review B, Vol. 42, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.42.9113	journal	November 1990
High-pressure phase transition and phase diagram of gallium arsenide Besson, J. M.; Itié, J. P.; Polian, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 44, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.44.4214	journal	September 1991
Pressure-dependent magnetic properties of geometrically frustrated ZnCr 2 O 4 Jo, Younghun; Park, J. -G.; Kim, H. C. Physical Review B, Vol. 72, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.184421	journal	November 2005
Spin-phonon coupling in Zn Cr 2 Se 4 Rudolf, T.; Kant, Ch.; Mayr, F. Physical Review B, Vol. 75, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.052410	journal	February 2007
Polar phonons and spin-phonon coupling in Hg Cr 2 S 4 and Cd Cr 2 S 4 studied with far-infrared spectroscopy Rudolf, T.; Kant, Ch.; Mayr, F. Physical Review B, Vol. 76, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.76.174307	journal	November 2007
Electronic band structure and exchange coupling constants in A Cr 2 X 4 spinels ( A = Zn , Cd, Hg; X = O , S, Se) Yaresko, A. N. Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.115106	journal	March 2008
Pressure-enhanced direct exchange coupling observed in chromium spinels Ueda, Hiroaki; Ueda, Yutaka Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.224411	journal	June 2008
Post-spinel transformations and equation of state in ZnGa 2 O 4 : Determination at high pressure by in situ x-ray diffraction Errandonea, D.; Kumar, Ravhi S.; Manjón, F. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.024103	journal	January 2009
Spin-driven phase transitions in ZnCr 2 Se 4 and ZnCr 2 S 4 probed by high-resolution synchrotron x-ray and neutron powder diffraction Yokaichiya, F.; Krimmel, A.; Tsurkan, V. Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.064423	journal	February 2009
Two-dimensional pressure-induced electronic topological transition in Bi 2 Te 3 Polian, Alain; Gauthier, Michel; Souza, Sergio Michielon Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.113106	journal	March 2011
Phonon anomalies and possible local lattice distortions in giant magnetocapacitive CdCr 2 S 4 Gnezdilov, V.; Lemmens, P.; Pashkevich, Yu. G. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.045106	journal	July 2011
Intricate relationship between pressure-induced electronic and structural transformations in FeCr 2 S 4 Amiel, Y.; Rozenberg, G. Kh.; Nissim, N. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.224114	journal	December 2011
Dynamic off-centering of Cr 3 + ions and short-range magneto-electric clusters in CdCr 2 S 4 Oliveira, G. N. P.; Pereira, A. M.; Lopes, A. M. L. Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.224418	journal	December 2012
Evolution of the optical properties of chromium spinels CdCr 2 O 4 , HgCr 2 S 4 , and ZnCr 2 Se 4 under high pressure Rabia, K.; Baldassarre, L.; Deisenhofer, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.125107	journal	March 2014
Ferroelectricity in spiral short-range-ordered magnetic state of spinel MnCr 2 O 4 : Significance of topological frustration and magnetoelastic coupling Dey, K.; Majumdar, S.; Giri, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.184424	journal	November 2014
Pressure-induced transition in the multiferroic CoC r 2 O 4 spinel Efthimiopoulos, I.; Liu, Z. T. Y.; Khare, S. V. Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.064108	journal	August 2015
Structural transition in the magnetoelectric ZnC r 2 S e 4 spinel under pressure Efthimiopoulos, I.; Liu, Z. T. Y.; Khare, S. V. Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.174103	journal	May 2016
Pressure-induced phase transitions in the CdC r 2 S e 4 spinel Efthimiopoulos, I.; Liu, Z. T. Y.; Kucway, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.174106	journal	November 2016
Magnetostructural Transitions in a Frustrated Magnet at High Fields Tsurkan, V.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Felea, V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.247202	journal	June 2011
Colossal Magnetocapacitance and Colossal Magnetoresistance in HgCr 2 S 4 Weber, S.; Lunkenheimer, P.; Fichtl, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.157202	journal	April 2006
Magnetic Reversal of the Ferroelectric Polarization in a Multiferroic Spinel Oxide Yamasaki, Y.; Miyasaka, S.; Kaneko, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.207204	journal	May 2006
Spin-Driven Phonon Splitting in Bond-Frustrated ZnCr 2 S 4 Hemberger, J.; Rudolf, T.; Krug von Nidda, H. -A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.087204	journal	August 2006
EXPGUI , a graphical user interface for GSAS Toby, Brian H. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889801002242	journal	April 2001
Effective ionic radii in oxides and fluorides Shannon, R. D.; Prewitt, C. T. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740869003220	journal	May 1969
EosFit7-GUI : a new graphical user interface for equation of state calculations, analyses and teaching Gonzalez-Platas, Javier; Alvaro, Matteo; Nestola, Fabrizio Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 49, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576716008050	journal	June 2016
Pressure-Temperature Study of Sulfospinels Tressler, R. E.; Hummel, F. A.; Stubican, V. S. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 51, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1968.tb12637.x	journal	November 1968
Optical properties of ZnCr2Se4: Spin-phonon coupling and electronic d-d-like excitations Rudolf, T.; Kant, Ch.; Mayr, F. The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 68, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2009-00096-4	journal	March 2009
Generation of Electric Polarization with Rotating Magnetic Field in Helimagnet ZnCr ₂ Se ₄ Murakawa, Hiroshi; Onose, Yoshinori; Ohgushi, Kenya Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 77, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.77.043709	journal	April 2008
High-pressure behavior of thiospinel CuCr2S4 Alvaro, M.; Nestola, F.; Ross, N. American Mineralogist, Vol. 99, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2014.4689	journal	May 2014

Cited By (1)

Effects of pressure on the structure and lattice dynamics of ammonium perchlorate: A combined experimental and theoretical study Kroonblawd, Matthew P.; Koroglu, Batikan; Zaug, Joseph M. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 149, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5030713	journal	July 2018

Similar Records

Comparing the Pressure-Induced Structural Behavior of CuCr₂O₄ and CuCr₂Se₄ Spinels

Journal Article · Tue Jul 11 20:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C · OSTI ID:1375342

Pressurizing the HgCr{sub 2}Se{sub 4} spinel at room temperature

Journal Article · Sun Jan 05 23:00:00 EST 2014 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:22257755

Consequence of doping mediated strain and the activation energy on the structural and optical properties of ZnO:Cr nanoparticles

Journal Article · Tue Jun 15 00:00:00 EDT 2010 · Journal of Solid State Chemistry · OSTI ID:21421528

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE