Epitaxy-enabled bottom-up synthesis of self-assembled planar nanowires via the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism is an emerging and promising approach toward large-scale direct integration of nanowire-based devices without postgrowth alignment. In this paper, by examining large assemblies of indium tin oxide nanowires on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrate, we demonstrate for the first time that the growth dynamics of planar nanowires follows a modified version of the Gibbs–Thomson mechanism, which has been known for the past decades to govern the correlations between thermodynamic supersaturation, growth speed, and nanowire morphology. Furthermore, the substrate orientation strongly influences the growth characteristics of epitaxial planar nanowires as opposed to impact at only the initial nucleation stage in the growth of vertical nanowires. The rich nanowire morphology can be described by a surface-energy-dependent growth model within the Gibbs–Thomson framework, which is further modulated by the tin doping concentration. Our experiments also reveal that the cutoff nanowire diameter depends on the substrate orientation and decreases with increasing tin doping concentration. Finally, these results enable a deeper understanding and control over the growth of planar nanowires, and the insights will help advance the fabrication of self-assembled nanowire devices.
@article{osti_1340236,
author = {Shen, Youde and Chen, Renjie and Yu, Xuechao and Wang, Qijie and Jungjohann, Katherine L. and Dayeh, Shadi A. and Wu, Tom},
title = {Gibbs–Thomson Effect in Planar Nanowires: Orientation and Doping Modulated Growth},
annote = {Epitaxy-enabled bottom-up synthesis of self-assembled planar nanowires via the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism is an emerging and promising approach toward large-scale direct integration of nanowire-based devices without postgrowth alignment. In this paper, by examining large assemblies of indium tin oxide nanowires on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrate, we demonstrate for the first time that the growth dynamics of planar nanowires follows a modified version of the Gibbs–Thomson mechanism, which has been known for the past decades to govern the correlations between thermodynamic supersaturation, growth speed, and nanowire morphology. Furthermore, the substrate orientation strongly influences the growth characteristics of epitaxial planar nanowires as opposed to impact at only the initial nucleation stage in the growth of vertical nanowires. The rich nanowire morphology can be described by a surface-energy-dependent growth model within the Gibbs–Thomson framework, which is further modulated by the tin doping concentration. Our experiments also reveal that the cutoff nanowire diameter depends on the substrate orientation and decreases with increasing tin doping concentration. Finally, these results enable a deeper understanding and control over the growth of planar nanowires, and the insights will help advance the fabrication of self-assembled nanowire devices.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01037},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1340236},
journal = {Nano Letters},
issn = {ISSN 1530-6984},
number = {7},
volume = {16},
place = {United States},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
year = {2016},
month = {06}}
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States); King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology, Thuwal (Saudi Arabia)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); National Science Foundation (NSF) (United States)