Atomic defects in monolayer titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene

Sang, Xiahan; Xie, Yu; Lin, Ming -Wei; Alhabeb, Mohamed; Van Aken, Katherine L.; Gogotsi, Yury G.; Kent, Paul R. C.; Xiao, Kai; Unocic, Raymond R.

doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b05240

Atomic defects in monolayer titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x) MXene

Journal Article · Tue Sep 06 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · ACS Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b05240· OSTI ID:1334485

Sang, Xiahan ^[1]; Xie, Yu ^[1]; Lin, Ming -Wei ^[1]; Alhabeb, Mohamed ^[2]; Van Aken, Katherine L. ^[2]; Gogotsi, Yury G. ^[2]; Kent, Paul R. C. ^[1]; Xiao, Kai ^[1]; Unocic, Raymond R. ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)

Here, the 2D transition metal carbides or nitrides, or MXenes, are emerging as a group of materials showing great promise in lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. Until now, characterization and properties of single-layer MXenes have been scarcely reported. Here, using scanning transmission electron microscopy, we determined the atomic structure of freestanding monolayer Ti₃C₂T_x flakes prepared via the minimally intensive layer delamination method and characterized different point defects that are prevalent in the monolayer flakes. We determine that the Ti vacancy concentration can be controlled by the etchant concentration during preparation. Density function theory-based calculations confirm the defect structures and predict that the defects can influence the surface morphology and termination groups, but do not strongly influence the metallic conductivity. Using devices fabricated from single- and few-layer Ti₃C₂T_x MXene flakes, the effect of the number of layers in the flake on conductivity has been demonstrated.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport Center (FIRST); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1334485

Journal Information:: ACS Nano, Journal Name: ACS Nano Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 10; ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (46)

Two-Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti₃AlC₂ Naguib, Michael; Kurtoglu, Murat; Presser, Volker Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 37, p. 4248-4253 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201102306	journal	August 2011
25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two-Dimensional Materials Naguib, Michael; Mochalin, Vadym N.; Barsoum, Michel W. Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 7, p. 992-1005 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201304138	journal	December 2013
Flexible MXene/Carbon Nanotube Composite Paper with High Volumetric Capacitance Zhao, Meng-Qiang; Ren, Chang E.; Ling, Zheng Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201404140	journal	November 2014
Isoelectronic Tungsten Doping in Monolayer MoSe ₂ for Carrier Type Modulation Li, Xufan; Lin, Ming-Wei; Basile, Leonardo Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201601991	journal	July 2016
Semiempirical GGA-type density functional constructed with a long-range dispersion correction Grimme, Stefan Journal of Computational Chemistry, Vol. 27, Issue 15, p. 1787-1799 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20495	journal	January 2006
Advanced Computing in Electron Microscopy Kirkland, Earl J. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6533-2	book	January 2010
The M_N+1AX_N phases: A new class of solids: Thermodynamically stable nanolaminates Barsoum, Michel W. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 28, Issue 1-4, p. 201-281 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6786(00)00006-6	journal	January 2000
Resolving the Structure of Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXenes through Multilevel Structural Modeling of the Atomic Pair Distribution Function Wang, Hsiu-Wen; Naguib, Michael; Page, Katharine Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04250	journal	December 2015
Atomically Resolved Structural and Chemical Investigation of Single MXene Sheets Karlsson, Linda H.; Birch, Jens; Halim, Joseph Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00737	journal	July 2015
Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites: Tuning Electronic Activities of Defects Liu, Yuanyue; Xiao, Hai; Goddard, William A. Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00964	journal	April 2016
Bright UV Single Photon Emission at Point Defects in h -BN Bourrellier, Romain; Meuret, Sophie; Tararan, Anna Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01368	journal	June 2016
Controlling Defects in Graphene for Optimizing the Electrical Properties of Graphene Nanodevices Vicarelli, Leonardo; Heerema, Stephanie J.; Dekker, Cees ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b01762	journal	February 2015
Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Materials by Selective Extraction Naguib, Michael; Gogotsi, Yury Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar500346b	journal	December 2014
New Two-Dimensional Niobium and Vanadium Carbides as Promising Materials for Li-Ion Batteries Naguib, Michael; Halim, Joseph; Lu, Jun Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja405735d	journal	October 2013
Role of Surface Structure on Li-Ion Energy Storage Capacity of Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Carbides Xie, Yu; Naguib, Michael; Mochalin, Vadym N. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja501520b	journal	April 2014
Ion Intercalation into Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Carbides: Global Screening for New High-Capacity Battery Materials Eames, Christopher; Islam, M. Saiful Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja508154e	journal	October 2014
Intrinsic Structural Defects in Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Zhou, Wu; Zou, Xiaolong; Najmaei, Sina Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 6, p. 2615-2622 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl4007479	journal	May 2013
Two-Dimensional Mono-Elemental Semiconductor with Electronically Inactive Defects: The Case of Phosphorus Liu, Yuanyue; Xu, Fangbo; Zhang, Ziang Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl5021393	journal	August 2014
Structural Defects in Graphene Banhart, Florian; Kotakoski, Jani; Krasheninnikov, Arkady V. ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn102598m	journal	November 2010
Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides Naguib, Michael; Mashtalir, Olha; Carle, Joshua ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204153h	journal	January 2012
Dislocations and Grain Boundaries in Two-Dimensional Boron Nitride Liu, Yuanyue; Zou, Xiaolong; Yakobson, Boris I. ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 8, p. 7053-7058 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn302099q	journal	July 2012
Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene Butler, Sheneve Z.; Hollen, Shawna M.; Cao, Linyou ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 4, p. 2898-2926 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn400280c	journal	March 2013
Prediction and Characterization of MXene Nanosheet Anodes for Non-Lithium-Ion Batteries Xie, Yu; Dall’Agnese, Yohan; Naguib, Michael ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn503921j	journal	August 2014
Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V. Nature, Vol. 438, Issue 7065, p. 197-200 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04233	journal	November 2005
Atom-by-atom structural and chemical analysis by annular dark-field electron microscopy Krivanek, Ondrej L.; Chisholm, Matthew F.; Nicolosi, Valeria Nature, Vol. 464, Issue 7288 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08879	journal	March 2010
Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance Ghidiu, Michael; Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Zhao, Meng-Qiang Nature, Vol. 516, Issue 7529 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13970	journal	November 2014
Exploring atomic defects in molybdenum disulphide monolayers Hong, Jinhua; Hu, Zhixin; Probert, Matt Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7293	journal	February 2015
The rise of graphene Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S. Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 3, p. 183-191 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1849	journal	March 2007
Phase-engineered low-resistance contacts for ultrathin MoS₂ transistors Kappera, Rajesh; Voiry, Damien; Yalcin, Sibel Ebru Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 12, p. 1128-1134 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4080	journal	August 2014
Free-standing graphene at atomic resolution Gass, Mhairi H.; Bangert, Ursel; Bleloch, Andrew L. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.280	journal	September 2008
Large-area ultrathin films of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material Eda, Goki; Fanchini, Giovanni; Chhowalla, Manish Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 3, Issue 5, p. 270-274 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.83	journal	April 2008
Characterization and manipulation of individual defects in insulating hexagonal boron nitride using scanning tunnelling microscopy Wong, Dillon; Velasco, Jairo; Ju, Long Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.188	journal	August 2015
Synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional Nb ₄ C ₃ (MXene) Ghidiu, M.; Naguib, M.; Shi, C. Chem. Commun., Vol. 50, Issue 67 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC03366C	journal	January 2014
Production of few-layer phosphorene by liquid exfoliation of black phosphorus Brent, Jack R.; Savjani, Nicky; Lewis, Edward A. Chem. Commun., Vol. 50, Issue 87 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC05752J	journal	January 2014
NMR reveals the surface functionalisation of Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene Hope, Michael A.; Forse, Alexander C.; Griffith, Kent J. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP00330C	journal	January 2016
The effect of hydrazine intercalation on the structure and capacitance of 2D titanium carbide (MXene) Mashtalir, O.; Lukatskaya, M. R.; Kolesnikov, A. I. Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR01462C	journal	January 2016
Solution-processed titanium carbide MXene films examined as highly transparent conductors Mariano, Marina; Mashtalir, Olha; Antonio, Francisco Q. Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR03682A	journal	January 2016
Measurements of the sheet resistance and conductivity of thin epitaxial graphene and SiC films Krupka, J.; Strupinski, W. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3327334	journal	February 2010
Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects Kohn, W.; Sham, L. J. Physical Review, Vol. 140, Issue 4A, p. A1133-A1138 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133	journal	November 1965
Projector augmented-wave method Blöchl, P. E. Physical Review B, Vol. 50, Issue 24, p. 17953-17979 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.50.17953	journal	December 1994
Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 16, p. 11169-11186 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169	journal	October 1996
Hybrid density functional study of structural and electronic properties of functionalized Ti n + 1 X n ( X = C , N) monolayers Xie, Yu; Kent, P. R. C. Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.235441	journal	June 2013
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865	journal	October 1996
Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials Coleman, J. N.; Lotya, M.; O'Neill, A. Science, Vol. 331, Issue 6017, p. 568-571 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1194975	journal	February 2011
Cation Intercalation and High Volumetric Capacitance of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide Lukatskaya, M. R.; Mashtalir, O.; Ren, C. E. Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6153 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241488	journal	September 2013
Near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield in MoS2 Amani, M.; Lien, D. -H.; Kiriya, D. Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6264 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad2114	journal	November 2015

Cited By (67)

Scalable Synthesis of Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene Shuck, Christopher E.; Sarycheva, Asia; Anayee, Mark Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201901241	journal	March 2020
2D MXene Nanofilms with Tunable Gas Transport Channels Shen, Jie; Liu, Guozhen; Ji, Yufan Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201801511	journal	June 2018
Tuning Thermal Transport Through Atomically Thin Ti ₃ C ₂ T _z MXene by Current Annealing in Vacuum Hemmat, Zahra; Yasaei, Poya; Schultz, Jeremy F. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201805693	journal	March 2019
Engineering 3D Ion Transport Channels for Flexible MXene Films with Superior Capacitive Performance Wang, Yuanming; Wang, Xue; Li, Xiaolong Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201900326	journal	February 2019
Promoting Role of MXene Nanosheets in Biomedical Sciences: Therapeutic and Biosensing Innovations Soleymaniha, Mohammadreza; Shahbazi, Mohammad-Ali; Rafieerad, Ali Reza Advanced Healthcare Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201801137	journal	October 2018
Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious-Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions Yan, Dafeng; Li, Yunxiao; Huo, Jia Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606459	journal	May 2017
Clay-Inspired MXene-Based Electrochemical Devices and Photo-Electrocatalyst: State-of-the-Art Progresses and Challenges Wang, Hou; Wu, Yan; Yuan, Xingzhong Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201704561	journal	January 2018
Structural Engineering of 2D Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Catalysis Zhu, Yue; Peng, Lele; Fang, Zhiwei Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201706347	journal	February 2018
Self-Assembly of Transition Metal Oxide Nanostructures on MXene Nanosheets for Fast and Stable Lithium Storage Liu, Yi-Tao; Zhang, Peng; Sun, Ning Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201707334	journal	April 2018
Electronic and Optical Properties of 2D Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) Hantanasirisakul, Kanit; Gogotsi, Yury Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804779	journal	November 2018
Two‐Dimensional Arrays of Transition Metal Nitride Nanocrystals Xiao, Xu; Wang, Hao; Bao, Weizhai Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201902393	journal	June 2019
MXene‐Based Dendrite‐Free Potassium Metal Batteries Tang, Xiao; Zhou, Dong; Li, Peng Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906739	journal	November 2019
Radiation‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x with Improved Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitor Hu, Yang; Wang, Lin; Lin, Tingrui Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901839	journal	January 2020
Direct Writing of Additive-Free MXene-in-Water Ink for Electronics and Energy Storage Quain, Evan; Mathis, Tyler S.; Kurra, Narendra Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201800256	journal	September 2018
Electromagnetic Functions of Patterned 2D Materials for Micro–Nano Devices Covering GHz, THz, and Optical Frequency Zhang, Min; Wang, Xi‐Xi; Cao, Wen‐Qiang Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900689	journal	July 2019
Asymmetric Flexible MXene-Reduced Graphene Oxide Micro-Supercapacitor Couly, Cedric; Alhabeb, Mohamed; Van Aken, Katherine L. Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201700339	journal	November 2017
2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) as High-Performance Electrode Materials for Lithium-Based Batteries Tang, Xiao; Guo, Xin; Wu, Wenjian Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801897	journal	September 2018
Electronic Structure and Electromagnetic Properties for 2D Electromagnetic Functional Materials in Gigahertz Frequency Cao, Mao‐Sheng; Shu, Jin‐Cheng; Wang, Xi‐Xi Annalen der Physik, Vol. 531, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201800390	journal	February 2019
Selective Etching of Silicon from Ti 3 SiC 2 (MAX) To Obtain 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) Alhabeb, Mohamed; Maleski, Kathleen; Mathis, Tyler S. Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201802232	journal	March 2018
Selective Etching of Silicon from Ti ₃ SiC ₂ (MAX) To Obtain 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) Alhabeb, Mohamed; Maleski, Kathleen; Mathis, Tyler S. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201802232	journal	March 2018
Heterostructured d‐Ti ₃ C ₂ /TiO _2/ g‐C ₃ N ₄ Nanocomposites with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Activity Zhang, Mengyuan; Qin, Jiaqian; Rajendran, Saravanan ChemSusChem, Vol. 11, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201802284	journal	November 2018
Functional Inks for Printable Energy Storage Applications based on 2 D Materials Wang, Libin; Chen, Shi; Shu, Ting ChemSusChem, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201902019	journal	March 2020
2 D MXene‐based Energy Storage Materials: Interfacial Structure Design and Functionalization Fang, Ruyi; Lu, Chengwei; Chen, Anqi ChemSusChem, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201902537	journal	March 2020
2D MXenes as Perspective Immobilization Platforms for Design of Electrochemical Nanobiosensors Lorencova, Lenka; Gajdosova, Veronika; Hroncekova, Stefania Electroanalysis, Vol. 31, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201900288	journal	May 2019
Two‐dimensional MXenes for lithium‐sulfur batteries Zhang, Chuanfang (John); Cui, Linfan; Abdolhosseinzadeh, Sina InfoMat, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/inf2.12080	journal	January 2020
MXene‐Based Nonlinear Optical Information Converter for All‐Optical Modulator and Switcher Wu, Leiming; Jiang, Xiantao; Zhao, Jinlai Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201800215	journal	October 2018
Recent Advances in Layered Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene for Electrochemical Energy Storage Xiong, Dongbin; Li, Xifei; Bai, Zhimin Small, Vol. 14, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201703419	journal	February 2018
Tailoring Structure, Composition, and Energy Storage Properties of MXenes from Selective Etching of In-Plane, Chemically Ordered MAX Phases Persson, Ingemar; el Ghazaly, Ahmed; Tao, Quanzheng Small, Vol. 14, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201703676	journal	April 2018
Ultrathin MXene Nanosheets Decorated with TiO ₂ Quantum Dots as an Efficient Sulfur Host toward Fast and Stable Li-S Batteries Gao, Xiao-Tian; Xie, Ying; Zhu, Xiao-Dong Small, Vol. 14, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201802443	journal	September 2018
Surface Modified MXene‐Based Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Yu, Hong; Wang, Yonghui; Jing, Yao Small, Vol. 15, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201901503	journal	May 2019
Nanoengineering of 2D MXene‐Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications Nan, Jianxiao; Guo, Xin; Xiao, Jun Small https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201902085	journal	July 2019
In Situ N‐Doped Graphene and Mo Nanoribbon Formation from Mo ₂ Ti ₂ C ₃ MXene Monolayers Mendes, Rafael Gregorio; Ta, Huy Quang; Yang, Xiaoqin Small, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201907115	journal	January 2020
2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage Anasori, Babak; Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Gogotsi, Yury Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.98	journal	January 2017
In situ atomistic insight into the growth mechanisms of single layer 2D transition metal carbides Sang, Xiahan; Xie, Yu; Yilmaz, Dundar E. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04610-0	journal	June 2018
Efficient Antibacterial Membrane based on Two-Dimensional Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Nanosheets Rasool, Kashif; Mahmoud, Khaled A.; Johnson, Daniel J. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01714-3	journal	May 2017
Recent progress in layered transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) and their composites: synthesis and applications Hong Ng, Vincent Ming; Huang, Hui; Zhou, Kun Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta06772g	journal	January 2017
Carbon vacancies in Ti ₂ CT ₂ MXenes: defects or a new opportunity? Hu, Tao; Yang, Jinxing; Wang, Xiaohui Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06593k	journal	January 2017
Single Pd atomic catalyst on Mo ₂ CO ₂ monolayer (MXene): unusual activity for CO oxidation by trimolecular Eley–Rideal mechanism Cheng, Cheng; Zhang, Xilin; Wang, Mingyang Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07161b	journal	January 2018
Effects of point defects on the magnetoelectronic structures of MXenes from first principles Bandyopadhyay, Arkamita; Ghosh, Dibyajyoti; Pati, Swapan K. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07165e	journal	January 2018
Electronic properties and applications of MXenes: a theoretical review Khazaei, Mohammad; Ranjbar, Ahmad; Arai, Masao Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7tc00140a	journal	January 2017
Atomic structure of defects and dopants in 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides Wang, Shanshan; Robertson, Alex; Warner, Jamie H. Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 47, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00236c	journal	January 2018
Inherent electrochemistry and charge transfer properties of few-layered two-dimensional Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene Nayak, Pranati; Jiang, Qiu; Mohanraman, Rajeshkumar Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr01883a	journal	January 2018
On the Structural Stability of MXene and the Role of Transition Metal Adatoms Palisaitis, Justinas; Persson, Ingemar; Halim, Joseph Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr01986j	journal	January 2018
Tailoring Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x nanosheets to tune local conductive network as an environmentally friendly material for highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding He, Peng; Wang, Xi-Xi; Cai, Yong-Zhu Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr10489a	journal	January 2019
Transition metal modification and carbon vacancy promoted Cr ₂ CO ₂ (MXenes): a new opportunity for a highly active catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction Cheng, Yu-Wen; Dai, Jian-Hong; Zhang, Yu-Min Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta07749e	journal	January 2018
Integrating MXene nanosheets with cobalt-tipped carbon nanotubes for an efficient oxygen reduction reaction Chen, Jianian; Yuan, Xiaolei; Lyu, Fenglei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10574j	journal	January 2019
Novel two-dimensional Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXenes/nano-carbon sphere hybrids for high-performance microwave absorption Dai, Binzhou; Zhao, Biao; Xie, Xi Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01404c	journal	January 2018
An ultrahigh discharged energy density achieved in an inhomogeneous PVDF dielectric composite filled with 2D MXene nanosheets via interface engineering Feng, Yefeng; Deng, Qihuang; Peng, Cheng Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc05180a	journal	January 2018
Self-assembled Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene and N-rich porous carbon hybrids as superior anodes for high-performance potassium-ion batteries Zhao, Ruizheng; Di, Haoxiang; Hui, Xiaobin Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee03250a	journal	January 2020
Ambient oxidation of Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene initialized by atomic defects Xia, Fanjie; Lao, Junchao; Yu, Ruohan Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr07236e	journal	January 2019
Effect of vacancies on the structural and electronic properties of Ti ₂ CO ₂ Xiao-Hong, Li; Xiang-Ying, Su; Rui-Zhou, Zhang RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04393d	journal	January 2019
A carbon aerogel with super mechanical and sensing performances for wearable piezoresistive sensors Zhuo, Hao; Hu, Yijie; Chen, Zehong Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta00596j	journal	January 2019
MXenes and ultrasonication Malaki, Massoud; Maleki, Aziz; Varma, Rajender S. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01850f	journal	January 2019
Origin of theoretical pseudocapacitance of two-dimensional supercapacitor electrodes Ti ₃ C ₂ T ₂ (T = bare, O, S) Wang, Lijing; Wang, Jin; Zhang, Zhenzhou Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta03529j	journal	January 2019
O-Vacancy-line defective Ti 2 CO 2 nanoribbons: novel magnetism, tunable carrier mobility, and magnetic device behaviors Hu, R.; Li, Y. H.; Zhang, Z. H. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc01807g	journal	January 2019
Recent developments in emerging two-dimensional materials and their applications Khan, Karim; Tareen, Ayesha Khan; Aslam, Muhammad Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc04187g	journal	January 2020
High electrical conductivity of individual epitaxially grown MoO ₂ nanorods Xie, Qiliang; Zheng, Xiaoming; Wu, Di Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5001183	journal	August 2017
Layered ternary M _{n +1} AX _n phases and their 2D derivative MXene: an overview from a thin-film perspective Eklund, Per; Rosen, Johanna; Persson, Per O. Å Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa57bc	journal	February 2017
Superior structural, elastic and electronic properties of 2D titanium nitride MXenes over carbide MXenes: a comprehensive first principles study Zhang, Ning; Hong, Yu; Yazdanparast, Sanaz 2D Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aacfb3	journal	July 2018
Influence of metal ions intercalation on the vibrational dynamics of water confined between MXene layers Osti, Naresh C.; Naguib, Michael; Ganeshan, Karthik Physical Review Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.1.065406	journal	November 2017
Elastic properties of 2D Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene monolayers and bilayers Lipatov, Alexey; Lu, Haidong; Alhabeb, Mohamed Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat0491	journal	June 2018
Realization of 2D crystalline metal nitrides via selective atomic substitution Cao, Jun; Li, Tianshu; Gao, Hongze Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax8784	journal	January 2020
Review—Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide MXenes and Their Emerging Applications as Electrochemical Sensors Yu, Tian; Breslin, Carmel B. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 167, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0142003jes	journal	January 2020
Review— Recent Exploration of Two-Dimensional MXenes for Gas Sensing: From a Theoretical to an Experimental View Lee, Eunji; Kim, Dong-Joo Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 167, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0152003jes	journal	January 2020
Single-atom dynamics in scanning transmission electron microscopy Mishra, Rohan; Ishikawa, Ryo; Lupini, Andrew R. MRS Bulletin, Vol. 42, Issue 09 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2017.187	journal	September 2017
Unraveling the multiscale damping properties of two-dimensional layered MXene Loganathan, Archana; Nautiyal, Pranjal; Boesl, Benjamin Nanomaterials and Energy, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1680/jnaen.18.00022	journal	June 2019
Realization of 2D Crystalline Metal Nitrides via Selective Atomic Substitution Cao, Jun; Li, Tianshu; Gao, Hongze arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.01695	preprint	January 2019

Similar Records

Guidelines for Synthesis and Processing of Two-Dimensional [2D] Titanium Carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x MXene)

Journal Article · Thu Aug 24 20:00:00 EDT 2017 · Chemistry of Materials · OSTI ID:1399240

Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual monolayer Ti3C2 MXene Flakes

Journal Article · Thu Dec 31 19:00:00 EST 2015 · Advanced Electronic Materials · OSTI ID:1337030

Electronic properties of freestanding Ti{sub 3}C{sub 2}T{sub x} MXene monolayers

Journal Article · Sun Jan 17 23:00:00 EST 2016 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:22489324

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
MXene
conductivity
defect
minimally intensive layer delamination (MILD)
vacancy