Nonuniversal star formation efficiency in turbulent ISM

Semenov, Vadim A.; Kravtsov, Andrey V.; Gnedin, Nickolay Y.

doi:10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/200

Nonuniversal star formation efficiency in turbulent ISM

Journal Article · Fri Jul 29 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/200· OSTI ID:1333137

^[1]; ^[1]; Gnedin, Nickolay Y. ^[2]

The Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)
The Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Here, we present a study of a star formation prescription in which star formation efficiency depends on local gas density and turbulent velocity dispersion, as suggested by direct simulations of SF in turbulent giant molecular clouds (GMCs). We test the model using a simulation of an isolated Milky Way-sized galaxy with a self-consistent treatment of turbulence on unresolved scales. We show that this prescription predicts a wide variation of local star formation efficiency per free-fall time, $$\epsilon_{\rm ff} \sim 0.1 - 10\%$$, and gas depletion time, $$t_{\rm dep} \sim 0.1 - 10$$ Gyr. In addition, it predicts an effective density threshold for star formation due to suppression of $$\epsilon_{\rm ff}$$ in warm diffuse gas stabilized by thermal pressure. We show that the model predicts star formation rates in agreement with observations from the scales of individual star-forming regions to the kiloparsec scales. This agreement is non-trivial, as the model was not tuned in any way and the predicted star formation rates on all scales are determined by the distribution of the GMC-scale densities and turbulent velocities $$\sigma$$ in the cold gas within the galaxy, which is shaped by galactic dynamics. The broad agreement of the star formation prescription calibrated in the GMC-scale simulations with observations, both gives credence to such simulations and promises to put star formation modeling in galaxy formation simulations on a much firmer theoretical footing.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

OSTI ID:: 1333137

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 22868844

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB--16-503-A; arXiv:1512.03101; 1495139

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 826; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Observational Evidence of Dynamic star Formation rate in Milky way Giant Molecular Clouds Lee, Eve J.; Miville-Deschênes, Marc-Antoine; Murray, Norman W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/229	journal	December 2016
Star Cluster Formation in Cosmological Simulations. i. Properties of Young Clusters Li, Hui; Gnedin, Oleg Y.; Gnedin, Nickolay Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 834, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/69	journal	January 2017
On the Appearance of Thresholds in the Dynamical Model of Star Formation Elmegreen, Bruce G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa770	journal	February 2018
Dense Regions in Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence Robertson, Brant; Goldreich, Peter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa89e	journal	February 2018
Star Cluster Formation in Cosmological Simulations. II. Effects of Star Formation Efficiency and Stellar Feedback Li, Hui; Gnedin, Oleg Y.; Gnedin, Nickolay Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac9b8	journal	July 2018
The Fate of Supernova-heated Gas in Star-forming Regions of the LMC: Lessons for Galaxy Formation? Bustard, Chad; Pardy, Stephen A.; D’Onghia, Elena The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad08f	journal	August 2018
What Sets the Slope of the Molecular Kennicutt–Schmidt Relation? Semenov, Vadim A.; Kravtsov, Andrey V.; Gnedin, Nickolay Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf163	journal	January 2019
Dancing in the Dark: Uncertainty in Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxy Predictions from Cosmological Simulations Munshi, Ferah; Brooks, Alyson M.; Christensen, Charlotte The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0085	journal	March 2019
How Galactic Environment Affects the Dynamical State of Molecular Clouds and Their Star Formation Efficiency Schruba, Andreas; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Leroy, Adam K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3a43	journal	September 2019
Observational Evidence of Dynamic Star Formation Rate in Milky Way Giant Molecular Clouds Lee, Eve J.; Miville-Deschenes, Marc-Antoine; Murray, Norman arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.05415	text	January 2016
What drives gravitational instability in nearby star-forming spirals? The impact of CO and HI velocity dispersions Romeo, Alessandro B.; Mogotsi, Keoikantse Moses arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1701.02138	text	January 2017
Star Cluster Formation in Cosmological Simulations. II. Effects of Star Formation Efficiency and Stellar Feedback Li, Hui; Gnedin, Oleg Y.; Gnedin, Nickolay Y. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.01219	text	January 2017
On the Appearance of Thresholds in the Dynamical Model of Star Formation Elmegreen, Bruce G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.04375	text	January 2018
Globular Cluster Formation and Evolution in the Context of Cosmological Galaxy Assembly: Open Questions Forbes, Duncan A.; Bastian, Nate; Gieles, Mark arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.05818	text	January 2018
The Fate of Supernova-Heated Gas in Star-Forming Regions of the LMC: Lessons for Galaxy Formation? Bustard, Chad; Pardy, Stephen A.; D'Onghia, Elena arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.07263	text	January 2018
An uncertainty principle for star formation - II. A new method for characterising the cloud-scale physics of star formation and feedback across cosmic history Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Schruba, Andreas; Hygate, Alexander P. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.00012	text	January 2018
The [CII]--SFR correlation in dwarf galaxies across cosmic time Lupi, Alessandro; Bovino, Stefano arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.00431	text	January 2019
Fast and inefficient star formation due to short-lived molecular clouds and rapid feedback Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Schruba, Andreas; Chevance, Mélanie arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.08801	text	January 2019
Forming early-type galaxies without AGN feedback: a combination of merger-driven outflows and inefficient star formation Kretschmer, Michael; Teyssier, Romain arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.11836	text	January 2019
FIRE-2 simulations: physics versus numerics in galaxy formation Hopkins, Philip F.; Wetzel, Andrew; Kereš, Dušan Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-157191	text	January 2018
What FIREs up star formation: the emergence of the Kennicutt–Schmidt law from feedback Orr, Matthew E.; Hayward, Christopher C.; Hopkins, Philip F. Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-157192	text	January 2018
Forming early-type galaxies without AGN feedback: a combination of merger-driven outflows and inefficient star formation Kretschmer, Michael; Teyssier, Romain Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-193009	text	January 2020

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