Interdiffusion in Ternary Magnesium Solid Solutions of Aluminum and Zinc

Kammerer, Catherine; Kulkarni, Nagraj S; Warmack, Robert J Bruce; Sohn, Yong Ho

doi:10.1007/s11669-015-0438-7

Interdiffusion in Ternary Magnesium Solid Solutions of Aluminum and Zinc

Journal Article · Sun Jan 10 23:00:00 EST 2016 · Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-015-0438-7· OSTI ID:1324051

Kammerer, Catherine ^[1]; Kulkarni, Nagraj S ^[2]; Warmack, Robert J Bruce ^[3]; Sohn, Yong Ho ^[1]

Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Measurement Science and Systems Engineering Division

Al and Zn are two of the most common alloying elements in commercial Mg alloys, which can improve the physical properties through solid solution strengthening and precipitation hardening. Diffusion plays a key role in the kinetics of these and other microstructural design relevant to Mg-alloy development. However, there is a lack of multicomponent diffusion data available for Mg alloys. Through solid-to-solid diffusion couples, diffusional interactions of Al and Zn in ternary Mg solid-solution at 400° and 450 °C were examined by an extension of the Boltzmann-Matano analysis based on Onsager s formalism. Concentration profiles of Mg-Al-Zn ternary alloys were determined by electron probe microanalysis, and analyzed to determine the ternary interdiffusion coefficients as a function of composition. Zn was determined to interdiffuse the fastest, followed by Mg and Al. Appreciable diffusional interactions among Mg, Al, and Zn were observed by variations in sign and magnitude of cross interdiffusion coefficients. In particular, Zn was found to significantly influence the interdiffusion of Mg and Al significantly: the and ternary cross interdiffusion coefficients were both negative, and large in magnitude, in comparison to and , respectively. Al and Mg were observed influence the interdiffusion of Mg and Al, respectively, with positive and interdiffusion coefficients, but their influence on the Zn interdiffusion was negligible.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE - Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1324051

Journal Information:: Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, Journal Name: Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 37; ISSN 1547-7037

Publisher:: ASM InternationalCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (35)

Al and Zn Impurity Diffusion in Binary and Ternary Magnesium Solid-Solutions Kammerer, Catherine; Kulkarni, Nagraj; warmack, Robert Magnesium Technology https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118888179.ch76	book	February 2014
Impurity Diffusion Coefficients of Al and Zn in Mg Determined from Solid-to-Solid Diffusion Couples Kammerer, Catherine; Kulkarni, Nagraj; Warmack, Robert Magnesium Technology https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118888179.ch91	book	February 2014
Zur Integration der Diffusionsgleichung bei variabeln Diffusionscoefficienten Boltzmann, Ludwig Annalen der Physik, Vol. 289, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18942891315	journal	January 1894
Methods for determination of effective diffusion coefficients in ternary alloys (i). Direct measurement of ternary diffusion matrix Malik, M. T.; Bergner, D. Crystal Research and Technology, Vol. 20, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170201002	journal	October 1985
Diffusion of ⁶⁵ Zn in Mg and in Mg- x Al solid solutions Čermák, Jiří; Stloukal, Ivo physica status solidi (a), Vol. 203, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200622219	journal	August 2006
Zero-flux planes and flux reversals in Cu−Ni−Zn diffusion couples Dayananda, M. A.; Kim, C. W. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02811989	journal	September 1979
Interdiffusion in the Mg-Al System and Intrinsic Diffusion in β-Mg2Al3 Brennan, Sarah; Bermudez, Katrina; Kulkarni, Nagraj S. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1248-8	journal	June 2012
Anisotropic Diffusion Behavior of Al in Mg: Diffusion Couple Study Using Mg Single Crystal Das, Sazol Kumar; Kim, Young-Min; Ha, Tae Kwon Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 44, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1636-8	journal	February 2013
Aluminum Impurity Diffusion in Magnesium Brennan, Sarah; Warren, Andrew P.; Coffey, Kevin R. Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, Vol. 33, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0007-2	journal	March 2012
Magnesium alloy applications in automotive structures Easton, Mark; Beer, Aiden; Barnett, Matthew JOM, Vol. 60, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-008-0150-8	journal	November 2008
Heterodiffusion de Ag, Cd, In, Sn et Sb dans le magnesium Combronde, J.; Brebec, G. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(72)90111-3	journal	January 1972
Diffusion of 65Zn in dilute AlZn, AlMg, AlZnMg and AlZnFe alloys Beke, D.; Gödeny, I.; Kedves, F. J. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(77)90193-6	journal	May 1977
The measurement of diffusion coefficients in ternary systems Whittle, D. P.; Green, A. Scripta Metallurgica, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0036-9748(74)90311-1	journal	July 1974
Diffusion in metals Gale, W. F.; Totemeier, T. C. Smithells Metals Reference Book https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075067509-3/50016-6	book	January 2004
First-principles calculations of impurity diffusion coefficients in dilute Mg alloys using the 8-frequency model Ganeshan, S.; Hector, L. G.; Liu, Z. -K. Acta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.01.062	journal	May 2011
Superior light metals by texture engineering: Optimized aluminum and magnesium alloys for automotive applications Hirsch, J.; Al-Samman, T. Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.044	journal	February 2013
Diffusional mobility for fcc phase of Al–Mg–Zn system and its applications Yao, Jianjun; Cui, Y. -W.; Liu, Huashan Calphad, Vol. 32, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.04.002	journal	September 2008
Investigation of anisotropic diffusion behavior of Zn in hcp Mg and interdiffusion coefficients of intermediate phases in the Mg–Zn system Das, Sazol K.; Kim, Young-Min; Ha, Tae Kwon Calphad, Vol. 42 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2013.07.002	journal	September 2013
Interdiffusion and impurity diffusion in polycrystalline Mg solid solution with Al or Zn Kammerer, C. C.; Kulkarni, N. S.; Warmack, R. J. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 617 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.07.193	journal	December 2014
Magnesium casting technology for structural applications Luo, Alan A. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2013.02.002	journal	March 2013
Preface to the viewpoint set on: The current state of magnesium alloy science and technology Agnew, S. R.; Nie, J. F. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 63, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.06.029	journal	October 2010
Grain boundary diffusion of Al in Mg Das, Sazol Kumar; Brodusch, Nicolas; Gauvin, Raynald Scripta Materialia, Vol. 80 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.02.008	journal	June 2014
Quantitative Analysis with the Electron Microanalyzer. Ziebold, T. O.; Ogilvie, R. E. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 35, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60199a038	journal	May 1963
Reciprocal Relations in Irreversible Processes. I. Onsager, Lars Physical Review, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.37.405	journal	February 1931
Reciprocal Relations in Irreversible Processes. II. Onsager, Lars Physical Review, Vol. 38, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.38.2265	journal	December 1931
Ab initio calculations of rare-earth diffusion in magnesium Huber, Liam; Elfimov, Ilya; Rottler, Jörg Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.144301	journal	April 2012
Diffusion in Multicomponent Metallic Systems Kirkaldy, J. S. Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 35, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1139/p57-047	journal	April 1957
Diffusion in Multicomponent Metallic Systems: i. Phenomenological Theory for Substitutional Solid Solution Alloys Kirkaldy, J. S. Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1139/p58-096	journal	July 1958
On the atomic interdiffusion in Mg–{Ce, Nd, Zn} and Zn–{Ce, Nd} binary systems Mostafa, Ahmad; Medraj, Mamoun Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 29, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.153	journal	July 2014
Quaternary Diffusion in 7000 Aluminum Alloys Takahashi, Tomoshi; Minamino, Yoritoshi; Yamane, Toshimi MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.43.232	journal	January 2002
Interdiffusion in the Al–Mg System Funamizu, Yasuhiro; Watanabe, Katsuya Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1960.13.278	journal	January 1972
Quaternary Diffusion in the α Solid Solutions of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloys Takahashi, Tomoshi; Minamino, Yoritoshi; Hirao, Keiichi Materials Transactions, JIM, Vol. 40, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1989.40.997	journal	January 1999
Tracer Diffusion of Magnesium in Pseudo-Binary Al-Mg₂Si Alloys Fujikawa, S. -I. Defect and Diffusion Forum, Vol. 143-147 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.143-147.403	journal	January 1997
Interdiffusion between Aluminum and Al-Mg Alloys Fujikawa, S. -I.; Takada, Yusuke Defect and Diffusion Forum, Vol. 143-147 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.143-147.409	journal	January 1997
Magnesium Alloy Development for Automotive Applications Luo, Alan A.; Mishra, Raja K.; Powell, Bob R. Materials Science Forum, Vol. 706-709 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.69	journal	January 2012

Cited By (1)

High-Resolution Electron Microscopy and Kinetic Studies of Precipitation Hardening Reactions in Cast Al-5.8Zn-2.2Mg-2.5Cu Ghiaasiaan, S. Reza; Shalchi Amirkhiz, Babak; Shankar, Sumanth Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 28, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04219-4	journal	July 2019

Similar Records

Impurity Diffusion Coefficients of Al and Zn in Mg Determined from Solid-to-Solid Diffusion Couples

Technical Report · Thu Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · OSTI ID:1095717

Interdiffusion and impurity diffusion in polycrystalline Mg solid solution with Al or Zn

Journal Article · Tue Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 2013 · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · OSTI ID:1154852

A double-serpentine diffusion path for a ternary diffusion couple

Journal Article · Wed Apr 19 00:00:00 EDT 2000 · Acta Materialia · OSTI ID:20034179

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Alloys
Diffusion
Magnesium
diffusion couples
electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)
interdiffusion
ternary diffusion

Interdiffusion in Ternary Magnesium Solid Solutions of Aluminum and Zinc

Citation Formats

References (35)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects