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Title: Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. II. Composition implications

Journal Article · · Physical Review. D, Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology
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Using the data taken at the Pierre Auger Observatory between December 2004 and December 2012, we have examined the implications of the distributions of depths of atmospheric shower maximum (Xmax), using a hybrid technique, for composition and hadronic interaction models. We do this by fitting the distributions with predictions from a variety of hadronic interaction models for variations in the composition of the primary cosmic rays and examining the quality of the fit. Regardless of what interaction model is assumed, we find that our data are not well described by a mix of protons and iron nuclei over most of the energy range. Acceptable fits can be obtained when intermediate masses are included, and when this is done consistent results for the proton and iron-nuclei contributions can be found using the available models. We observe a strong energy dependence of the resulting proton fractions, and find no support from any of the models for a significant contribution from iron nuclei. However, we also observe a significant disagreement between the models with respect to the relative contributions of the intermediate components.

Research Organization:
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Organization:
Pierre Auger Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-07CH11359; FR02-04ER41300; FG02-99ER41107
OSTI ID:
1304782
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1214418
Report Number(s):
arXiv:1409.5083; FERMILAB-PUB-14-347-AD-AE-CD-TD; 1317628
Journal Information:
Physical Review. D, Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, Vol. 90, Issue 12; ISSN 1550-7998
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 222 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (14)

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LARGE-SCALE DISTRIBUTION OF ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS OF COSMIC RAYS DETECTED ABOVE 10 18 eV AT THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY journal December 2012

Cited By (36)

A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017–1017.5 electronvolts from radio observations journal March 2016
Super Heavy Dark Matter in light of BICEP2, Planck and Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Observations journal August 2015
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays from radio galaxies journal February 2018
Unified atmospheric neutrino passing fractions for large-scale neutrino telescopes journal July 2018
Photon emission and decay from generic Lorentz invariance violation journal June 2017
Study of the PeV neutrino, γ-rays, and UHECRs around the lobes of Centaurus A journal September 2018
Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays from nearby starburst galaxies journal April 2018
On the radiation energy density in the jet of high-energy-emitting BL Lac objects and its impact on their multimessenger role journal July 2019
Acceleration and propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays journal November 2017
Observation of a large-scale anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above 8 × 10 18 eV journal September 2017
Investigation on the UHECR sources using CR-neutrino spectrum: A CRPropa3 simulation journal July 2019
Gravitational slingshots around black holes in a binary journal January 2020
Multi-Messenger Physics With the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2019
Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2016
Progress in unveiling extreme particle acceleration in persistent astrophysical jets text January 2020
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies journal June 2019
Limits on the Lorentz Invariance Violation from UHECR Astrophysics journal January 2018
An Upper Limit on the Strength of the Extragalactic Magnetic Field from Ultra-high-energy Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy journal June 2018
Bottom-up Acceleration of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei journal November 2019
Progress in unveiling extreme particle acceleration in persistent astrophysical jets journal January 2020
Multi-Messenger Physics With the Pierre Auger Observatory journal April 2019
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies text January 2019
Observation of a Large-scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays above $8 imes 10^{18}$ eV text January 2017
Acceleration and Propagation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays conference January 2005
Determining the fraction of cosmic-ray protons at ultra-high energies with cosmogenic neutrinos text January 2019
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies text January 2019
Super Heavy Dark Matter in light of BICEP2, Planck and Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Observations text January 2015
Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2016
Observation of a Large-scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays above $8 \times 10^{18}$ eV text January 2017
Acceleration of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays in starburst superwinds text January 2018
Unified atmospheric neutrino passing fractions for large-scale neutrino telescopes text January 2018
Determining the fraction of cosmic-ray protons at ultra-high energies with cosmogenic neutrinos text January 2019
Data-driven estimation of the invisible energy of cosmic ray showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2019
Bottom-up Acceleration of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei text January 2019
On the radiation energy density in the jet of high-energy emitting BL Lac objects and its impact on their multi-messenger role text January 2019
Gravitational slingshots around black holes in a binary text January 2020

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