CuInP2S6 Room Temperature Layered Ferroelectric

Belianinov, Alex; He, Qian; Dziaugys, Andrius; Maksymovych, Petro; Eliseev, Eugene; Borisevich, Albina Y.; Morozovska, Anna N.; Banys, Juras; Vysochanskii, Yulian; Kalinin, Sergei V.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00491

CuInP₂S₆ Room Temperature Layered Ferroelectric

Journal Article · Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00491· OSTI ID:1265589

Belianinov, Alex ^[1]; He, Qian ^[1]; Dziaugys, Andrius ^[2]; Maksymovych, Petro ^[1]; Eliseev, Eugene ^[3]; Borisevich, Albina Y. ^[1]; Morozovska, Anna N. ^[4]; Banys, Juras ^[2]; Vysochanskii, Yulian ^[5]; Kalinin, Sergei V. ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Inst. for Functional Imaging of Materials. Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
Vilnius Univ. (Lithuania). Faculty of Physics
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Kyiv (Ukraine). Inst. for Problems of Material Sciences
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Kyiv (Ukraine). Inst. of Physics
Uzhgorod Univ. (Ukraine). Inst. of Solid State Physics and Chemistry

In this paper, we explore ferroelectric properties of cleaved 2-D flakes of copper indium thiophosphate, CuInP₂S₆ (CITP), and probe size effects along with limits of ferroelectric phase stability, by ambient and ultra high vacuum scanning probe microscopy. CITP belongs to the only material family known to display ferroelectric polarization in a van der Waals, layered crystal at room temperature and above. Our measurements directly reveal stable, ferroelectric polarization as evidenced by domain structures, switchable polarization, and hysteresis loops. We found that at room temperature the domain structure of flakes thicker than 100 nm is similar to the cleaved bulk surfaces, whereas below 50 nm polarization disappears. We ascribe this behavior to a well-known instability of polarization due to depolarization field. Furthermore, polarization switching at high bias is also associated with ionic mobility, as evidenced both by macroscopic measurements and by formation of surface damage under the tip at a bias of 4 V—likely due to copper reduction. Mobile Cu ions may therefore also contribute to internal screening mechanisms. Finally, the existence of stable polarization in a van-der-Waals crystal naturally points toward new strategies for ultimate scaling of polar materials, quasi-2D, and single-layer materials with advanced and nonlinear dielectric properties that are presently not found in any members of the growing “graphene family”.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1265589

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Journal Name: Nano Letters Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 15; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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2D crystals
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
atomic force microscopy
ferroelectricity
layered materials