Self-heating and failure in scalable graphene devices

Beechem, Thomas E.; Shaffer, Ryan A.; Nogan, John; Ohta, Taisuke; Hamilton, Allister B.; McDonald, Anthony E.; Howell, Stephen W.

doi:10.1038/srep26457

Self-heating and failure in scalable graphene devices

Journal Article · Thu Jun 09 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26457· OSTI ID:1262367

Beechem, Thomas E. ^[1]; Shaffer, Ryan A. ^[1]; Nogan, John ^[1]; Ohta, Taisuke ^[1]; Hamilton, Allister B. ^[1]; McDonald, Anthony E. ^[1]; Howell, Stephen W. ^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Self-heating induced failure of graphene devices synthesized from both chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and epitaxial means is compared using a combination of infrared thermography and Raman imaging. Despite a larger thermal resistance, CVD devices dissipate >3x the amount of power before failure than their epitaxial counterparts. The discrepancy arises due to morphological irregularities implicit to the graphene synthesis method that induce localized heating. As a result, morphology, rather than thermal resistance, therefore dictates power handling limits in graphene devices.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

OSTI ID:: 1262367

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1338306

Report Number(s):: SAND--2015-10741J; SAND--2016-3093J; srep26457

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Journal Name: Scientific Reports Vol. 6; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (56)

Large-Area Graphene Single Crystals Grown by Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Methane on Copper Li, Xuesong; Magnuson, Carl W.; Venugopal, Archana Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 9, p. 2816-2819 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja109793s	journal	March 2011
Imaging, Simulation, and Electrostatic Control of Power Dissipation in Graphene Devices Bae, Myung-Ho; Ong, Zhun-Yong; Estrada, David Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl1011596	journal	December 2010
Low-Frequency Acoustic Phonon Temperature Distribution in Electrically Biased Graphene Jo, Insun; Hsu, I-Kai; Lee, Yong J. Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl102858c	journal	January 2011
Scaling of High-Field Transport and Localized Heating in Graphene Transistors Bae, Myung-Ho; Islam, Sharnali; Dorgan, Vincent E. ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn202239y	journal	September 2011
Rotational Disorder in Twisted Bilayer Graphene Beechem, Thomas E.; Ohta, Taisuke; Diaconescu, Bogdan ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn405999z	journal	January 2014
A roadmap for graphene Novoselov, K. S.; Fal′ko, V. I.; Colombo, L. Nature, Vol. 490, Issue 7419 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11458	journal	October 2012
A decade of R2R graphene manufacturing Bubnova, Olga Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 16, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00990-5	journal	October 2021
Thermal emission from large area chemical vapor deposited graphene devices Luxmoore, I. J.; Adlem, C.; Poole, T. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4821939	journal	September 2013
Electronic transport at monolayer-bilayer junctions in epitaxial graphene on SiC Giannazzo, F.; Deretzis, I.; La Magna, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.86.235422	journal	December 2012
Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers Ferrari, A. C.; Meyer, J. C.; Scardaci, V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 18, Article No. 187401 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.97.187401	journal	October 2006
Wafer-Scale Graphene Integrated Circuit Lin, Y. -M.; Valdes-Garcia, A.; Han, S. -J. Science, Vol. 332, Issue 6035 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204428	journal	June 2011
Wafer-Scale Growth of Single-Crystal Monolayer Graphene on Reusable Hydrogen-Terminated Germanium Lee, J.-H.; Lee, E. K.; Joo, W.-J. Science, Vol. 344, Issue 6181, p. 286-289 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1252268	journal	April 2014
Current Saturation and Electrical Breakdown in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Arnold, M.; Avouris, Ph.; Collins, Philip G. The American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.17877/de290r-6997	text	January 2001
Graphene Oxidation: Thickness Dependent Etching and Strong Chemical Doping Liu, Li; Ryu, Sunmin; Tomasik, Michelle R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0807.0261	text	January 2008
Heat Conduction across Monolayer and Few-Layer Graphenes Koh, Yee Kan; Bae, Myung-Ho; Cahill, David G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1009.5151	text	January 2010
Thermally-Limited Current Carrying Ability of Graphene Nanoribbons Liao, Albert D.; Wu, Justin Z.; Wang, Xinran arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1104.1241	text	January 2011
Structural evolution of graphene in air at the electrical breakdown limit Son, Jangyup; Choi, Minkyung; Choi, Heechae Carbon, Vol. 99 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.075	journal	April 2016
Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene Bolotin, K. I.; Sikes, K. J.; Jiang, Z. Solid State Communications, Vol. 146, Issue 9-10, p. 351-355 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.024	journal	June 2008
Analysis of heat dissipation of epitaxial graphene devices on SiC Lee, Kangmu; Moon, Jeong-Sun; Oh, Thomas Solid-State Electronics, Vol. 101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2014.06.014	journal	November 2014
Graphene Oxidation: Thickness-Dependent Etching and Strong Chemical Doping Liu, Li; Ryu, Sunmin; Tomasik, Michelle R. Nano Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0808684	journal	July 2008
Heat Conduction across Monolayer and Few-Layer Graphenes Koh, Yee Kan; Bae, Myung-Ho; Cahill, David G. Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 11, p. 4363-4368 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl101790k	journal	November 2010
Magnetotransport Properties of Quasi-Free-Standing Epitaxial Graphene Bilayer on SiC: Evidence for Bernal Stacking Lee, Kayoung; Kim, Seyoung; Points, M. S. Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201430a	journal	September 2011
Manipulating Thermal Conductance at Metal–Graphene Contacts via Chemical Functionalization Hopkins, Patrick E.; Baraket, Mira; Barnat, Edward V. Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl203060j	journal	January 2012
Correlating Raman Spectral Signatures with Carrier Mobility in Epitaxial Graphene: A Guide to Achieving High Mobility on the Wafer Scale Robinson, Joshua A.; Wetherington, Maxwell; Tedesco, Joseph L. Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl901073g	journal	August 2009
Opening carbon nanotubes with oxygen and implications for filling Ajayan, P. M.; Ebbesen, T. W.; Ichihashi, T. Nature, Vol. 362, Issue 6420 https://doi.org/10.1038/362522a0	journal	April 1993
Towards wafer-size graphene layers by atmospheric pressure graphitization of silicon carbide Emtsev, Konstantin V.; Bostwick, Aaron; Horn, Karsten Nature Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2382	journal	February 2009
Atomic-scale transport in epitaxial graphene Ji, Shuai-Hua; Hannon, J. B.; Tromp, R. M. Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3170	journal	November 2011
Cross-sectional imaging of individual layers and buried interfaces of graphene-based heterostructures and superlattices Haigh, S. J.; Gholinia, A.; Jalil, R. Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3386	journal	July 2012
Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes Bae, Sukang; Kim, Hyeongkeun; Lee, Youngbin Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 5, Issue 8, p. 574-578 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.132	journal	June 2010
Dielectric characteristics of Al2O3–HfO2 nanolaminates on Si(100) Cho, M. -H.; Roh, Y. S.; Whang, C. N. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1499223	journal	August 2002
Interfacial reaction depending on the stack structure of Al2O3 and HfO2 during film growth and postannealing Cho, M. -H.; Chung, K. B.; Chang, H. S. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1807968	journal	November 2004
Breakdown current density of graphene nanoribbons Murali, Raghunath; Yang, Yinxiao; Brenner, Kevin Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3147183	journal	June 2009
Thermal contact resistance between graphene and silicon dioxide Chen, Z.; Jang, W.; Bao, W. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3245315	journal	October 2009
Assessment of stress contributions in GaN high electron mobility transistors of differing substrates using Raman spectroscopy Beechem, Thomas; Christensen, Adam; Green, D. S. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 106, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3267157	journal	December 2009
SiO diffusion during thermal decomposition of SiO ₂ Sasse, H. ‐E.; König, U. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 67, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.345185	journal	May 1990
Measurement of the thermal conductance of the graphene/SiO2 interface Mak, Kin Fai; Lui, Chun Hung; Heinz, Tony F. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3511537	journal	November 2010
Observation of the integer quantum Hall effect in high quality, uniform wafer-scale epitaxial graphene films Pan, Wei; Howell, Stephen W.; Ross, Anthony Joseph Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3525588	journal	December 2010
Direct observation of resistive heating at graphene wrinkles and grain boundaries Grosse, Kyle L.; Dorgan, Vincent E.; Estrada, David Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4896676	journal	October 2014
Determination of the thermal diffusivity and conductivity of monocrystalline silicon carbide (300-2300 K) Nilsson, Ove; Mehling, Harald; Horn, Ronny High Temperatures-High Pressures, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1068/htec142	journal	January 1997
Growth from below: bilayer graphene on copper by chemical vapor deposition Nie, Shu; Wu, Wei; Xing, Shirui New Journal of Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/9/093028	journal	September 2012
Structural degradation of thermal SiO 2 on Si by high-temperature annealing: Defect generation Stesmans, A.; Nouwen, B.; Afanas’ev, V. V. Physical Review B, Vol. 66, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.045307	journal	July 2002
Role of carbon surface diffusion on the growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC Ohta, Taisuke; Bartelt, N. C.; Nie, Shu Physical Review B, Vol. 81, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.121411	journal	March 2010
Strain and charge carrier coupling in epitaxial graphene Schmidt, Diedrich A.; Ohta, Taisuke; Beechem, Thomas E. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.235422	journal	December 2011
Long-range atomic ordering and variable interlayer interactions in two overlapping graphene lattices with stacking misorientations Ohta, Taisuke; Beechem, Thomas E.; Robinson, Jeremy T. Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.075415	journal	February 2012
Electronic transport at monolayer-bilayer junctions in epitaxial graphene on SiC Giannazzo, F.; Deretzis, I.; La Magna, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.235422	journal	December 2012
Quasi-Free-Standing Epitaxial Graphene on SiC Obtained by Hydrogen Intercalation Riedl, C.; Coletti, C.; Iwasaki, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.246804	journal	December 2009
Thermally Limited Current Carrying Ability of Graphene Nanoribbons Liao, Albert D.; Wu, Justin Z.; Wang, Xinran Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.256801	journal	June 2011
High-Temperature Si O 2 Decomposition at the Si O 2 /Si Interface Tromp, R.; Rubloff, G. W.; Balk, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 55, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2332	journal	November 1985
Current Saturation and Electrical Breakdown in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Collins, Philip G.; Hersam, M.; Arnold, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3128	journal	April 2001
Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers Ferrari, A. C.; Meyer, J. C.; Scardaci, V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 18, Article No. 187401 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401	journal	October 2006
Enhanced Current Drivability of CVD Graphene Interconnect in Oxygen-Deficient Environment Kang, Chang Goo; Lee, Sang Kyung; Lee, Young Gon IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2011.2166240	journal	November 2011
Criteria for Cross-Plane Dominated Thermal Transport in Multilayer Thin Film Systems During Modulated Laser Heating Hopkins, Patrick E.; Serrano, Justin R.; Phinney, Leslie M. Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 132, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4000993	journal	May 2010
The Role of Surface Oxygen in the Growth of Large Single-Crystal Graphene on Copper Hao, Y.; Bharathi, M. S.; Wang, L. Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6159 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243879	journal	October 2013
Thermal Stability of a Thin HfO ₂ /Ultrathin SiO ₂ /Si Structure: Interfacial Si Oxidation and Silicidation Miyata, Noriyuki; Ichikawa, Masakazu; Nabatame, Toshihide Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 42, Issue Part 2, No. 2B https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.42.L138	journal	February 2003
Thermal properties of graphene: Fundamentals and applications Pop, Eric; Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K. MRS Bulletin, Vol. 37, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2012.203	journal	November 2012
Void and Nanostructure Formations during Thermal Decomposition of 20-nm-Thick Silicon Oxide Layer on Si(100) Enta, Yoshiharu; Ogawa, Kano; Nagai, Takayuki Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 3R https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.52.031303	journal	March 2013

Cited By (4)

Electrical Transport and Power Dissipation in Aerosol-Jet-Printed Graphene Interconnects Pandhi, Twinkle; Kreit, Eric; Aga, Roberto Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29195-y	journal	July 2018
Imaging of local structures affecting electrical transport properties of large graphene sheets by lock-in thermography Nakajima, H.; Morimoto, T.; Okigawa, Y. Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3407	journal	February 2019
Nanoscale electro-thermal interactions in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors Chatterjee, Bikramjit; Dundar, Canberk; Beechem, Thomas E. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5123726	journal	January 2020
Nonequilibrium excitations and transport of Dirac electrons in electric-field-driven graphene Li, Jiajun; Han, Jong E. Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.97.205412	journal	May 2018

Similar Records

Passivation of Germanium by Graphene for Stable Graphene/Germanium Heterostructure Devices

Journal Article · Mon Jun 24 20:00:00 EDT 2019 · ACS Applied Nano Materials · OSTI ID:1594848

Achieving clean epitaxial graphene surfaces suitable for device applications by improved lithographic process

Journal Article · Mon Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:22300110

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
electronic properties and devices
synthesis and processing

Self-heating and failure in scalable graphene devices

Citation Formats

References (56)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects