Source and seed populations for relativistic electrons: Their roles in radiation belt changes

Jaynes, A. N.; Baker, D. N.; Singer, H. J.; Rodriguez, J. V.; Loto'aniu, T. M.; Ali, A. F.; Elkington, S. R.; Li, X.; Kanekal, S. G.; Claudepierre, S. G.; Fennell, J. F.; Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; Kletzing, C. A.; Spence, H. E.; Reeves, G. D.

doi:10.1002/2015JA021234

Source and seed populations for relativistic electrons: Their roles in radiation belt changes

Journal Article · Wed Sep 09 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021234· OSTI ID:1236779

Jaynes, A. N. ^[1]; Baker, D. N. ^[1]; Singer, H. J. ^[2]; ^[3]; Loto'aniu, T. M. ^[3]; ^[1]; Elkington, S. R. ^[1]; Li, X. ^[1]; Kanekal, S. G. ^[4]; Claudepierre, S. G. ^[5]; Fennell, J. F. ^[5]; Li, W. ^[6]; Thorne, R. M. ^[6]; Kletzing, C. A. ^[7]; Spence, H. E. ^[8]; ^[9]

Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder, CO (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Boulder, CO (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Strong enhancements of outer Van Allen belt electrons have been shown to have a clear dependence on solar wind speed and on the duration of southward interplanetary magnetic field. However, individual case study analyses also have demonstrated that many geomagnetic storms produce little in the way of outer belt enhancements and, in fact, may produce substantial losses of relativistic electrons. In this study, focused upon a key period in August–September 2014, we use GOES geostationary orbit electron flux data and Van Allen Probes particle and fields data to study the process of radiation belt electron acceleration. One particular interval, 13–22 September, initiated by a short-lived geomagnetic storm and characterized by a long period of primarily northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), showed strong depletion of relativistic electrons (including an unprecedented observation of long-lasting depletion at geostationary orbit) while an immediately preceding, and another immediately subsequent, storm showed strong radiation belt enhancement. We demonstrate with these data that two distinct electron populations resulting from magnetospheric substorm activity are crucial elements in the ultimate acceleration of highly relativistic electrons in the outer belt: the source population (tens of keV) that give rise to VLF wave growth and the seed population (hundreds of keV) that are, in turn, accelerated through VLF wave interactions to much higher energies. ULF waves may also play a role by either inhibiting or enhancing this process through radial diffusion effects. Furthermore, if any components of the inner magnetospheric accelerator happen to be absent, the relativistic radiation belt enhancement fails to materialize.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1236779

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--15-27789

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 120; ISSN 2169-9380

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Comparison of Electron Loss Models in the Inner Magnetosphere During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm Ferradas, C. P.; Jordanova, V. K.; Reeves, G. D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026649	journal	October 2019
Impact of Significant Time‐Integrated Geomagnetic Activity on 2‐MeV Electron Flux Mourenas, D.; Artemyev, A. V.; Zhang, X. ‐J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026659	journal	June 2019
Characterization and Evolution of Radiation Belt Electron Energy Spectra Based on the Van Allen Probes Measurements Zhao, H.; Johnston, W. R.; Baker, D. N. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026697	journal	June 2019
Highly Relativistic Electron Flux Enhancement During the Weak Geomagnetic Storm of April–May 2017 Katsavrias, Ch.; Sandberg, I.; Li, W. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026743	journal	June 2019
Variation of Radiation Belt Electron Flux During CME‐ and CIR‐Driven Geomagnetic Storms: Van Allen Probes Observations Pandya, Megha; Bhaskara, Veenadhari; Ebihara, Yusuke Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026771	journal	August 2019
Longitudinal Extent of Magnetospheric ELF/VLF Waves using Multipoint PWING Ground Stations at Subauroral Latitudes Takeshita, Yuhei; Shiokawa, Kazuo; Ozaki, Mitsunori Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026810	journal	December 2019
Comparison of Multiple and Logistic Regression Analyses of Relativistic Electron Flux Enhancement at Geosynchronous Orbit Following Storms Capman, N. S. S.; Simms, L. E.; Engebretson, M. J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja027132	journal	December 2019
Storm Time Depletions of Multi‐MeV Radiation Belt Electrons Observed at Different Pitch Angles Drozdov, A. Y.; Aseev, N.; Effenberger, F. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja027332	journal	November 2019
How Sudden, Intense Energetic Electron Enhancements Correlate With the Innermost Plasmapause Locations Under Various Solar Wind Drivers and Geomagnetic Conditions Khoo, L. ‐Y.; Li, X.; Zhao, H. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja027412	journal	November 2019
Adiabatic Invariants Calculations for Cluster Mission: A Long‐Term Product for Radiation Belts Studies Smirnov, Artem G.; Kronberg, Elena A.; Daly, Patrick W. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja027576	journal	February 2020
From solar sneezing to killer electrons: outer radiation belt response to solar eruptions Daglis, Ioannis A.; Katsavrias, Christos; Georgiou, Marina Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 377, Issue 2148 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0097	journal	May 2019
ERG observations of drift echoes during a unique period of the satellite mission Chang, Tzu-Fang; Cheng, Chio-Zong; Tam, Sunny Wing-Yee Earth, Planets and Space, Vol. 71, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-0999-5	journal	February 2019
Highly relativistic electron flux enhancement during the weak geomagnetic storm of April-May 2017 Katsavrias, Ch; Sandberg, I.; Li, W. Unpublished https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.29857.66409	text	January 2019
Remote Sensing of Radiation Belt Energetic Electrons Using Lightning Triggered Upper Band Chorus Hosseini, Poorya; Golkowski, Mark; Harid, Vijay 2019 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM) https://doi.org/10.23919/usnc-ursi-nrsm.2019.8712989	conference	January 2019
Adiabatic Invariants Calculations for Cluster Mission: A Long-Term Product for Radiation Belts Studies Smirnov, Artem G.; Kronberg, Elena A.; Daly, Patrick W. Universität Potsdam https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-52391	text	January 2021
On the Contribution of EMIC Waves to the Reconfiguration of the Relativistic Electron Butterfly Pitch Angle Distribution Shape on 2014 September 12—A Case Study Medeiros, Claudia; Souza, V. M.; Vieira, L. E. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf970	journal	February 2019

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58 GEOSCIENCES
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Source and seed populations for relativistic electrons: Their roles in radiation belt changes

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