Source and seed populations for relativistic electrons: Their roles in radiation belt changes

Jaynes, A. N.; Baker, D. N.; Singer, H. J.; Rodriguez, J. V.; Loto'aniu, T. M.; Ali, A. F.; Elkington, S. R.; Li, X.; Kanekal, S. G.; Claudepierre, S. G.; Fennell, J. F.; Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; Kletzing, C. A.; Spence, H. E.; Reeves, G. D.

doi:10.1002/2015JA021234

Title: Source and seed populations for relativistic electrons: Their roles in radiation belt changes

Journal Article · Wed Sep 09 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021234· OSTI ID:1236779

Jaynes, A. N. ^[1]; Baker, D. N. ^[1]; Singer, H. J. ^[2];

^[3]; Loto'aniu, T. M. ^[3];

^[1]; Elkington, S. R. ^[1]; Li, X. ^[1]; Kanekal, S. G. ^[4]; Claudepierre, S. G. ^[5]; Fennell, J. F. ^[5]; Li, W. ^[6]; Thorne, R. M. ^[6]; Kletzing, C. A. ^[7]; Spence, H. E. ^[8];

^[9]

Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder, CO (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Boulder, CO (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Strong enhancements of outer Van Allen belt electrons have been shown to have a clear dependence on solar wind speed and on the duration of southward interplanetary magnetic field. However, individual case study analyses also have demonstrated that many geomagnetic storms produce little in the way of outer belt enhancements and, in fact, may produce substantial losses of relativistic electrons. In this study, focused upon a key period in August–September 2014, we use GOES geostationary orbit electron flux data and Van Allen Probes particle and fields data to study the process of radiation belt electron acceleration. One particular interval, 13–22 September, initiated by a short-lived geomagnetic storm and characterized by a long period of primarily northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), showed strong depletion of relativistic electrons (including an unprecedented observation of long-lasting depletion at geostationary orbit) while an immediately preceding, and another immediately subsequent, storm showed strong radiation belt enhancement. We demonstrate with these data that two distinct electron populations resulting from magnetospheric substorm activity are crucial elements in the ultimate acceleration of highly relativistic electrons in the outer belt: the source population (tens of keV) that give rise to VLF wave growth and the seed population (hundreds of keV) that are, in turn, accelerated through VLF wave interactions to much higher energies. ULF waves may also play a role by either inhibiting or enhancing this process through radial diffusion effects. Furthermore, if any components of the inner magnetospheric accelerator happen to be absent, the relativistic radiation belt enhancement fails to materialize.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 967399; NAS501072; AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1236779

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-15-27789

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 9; ISSN 2169-9380

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 203 works

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Title: Source and seed populations for relativistic electrons: Their roles in radiation belt changes

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