Ultra-low-frequency wave-driven diffusion of radiation belt relativistic electrons

Su, Zhenpeng; Zhu, Hui; Xiao, Fuliang; Zong, Q. -G.; Zhou, X. -Z.; Zheng, Huinan; Wang, Yuming; Wang, Shui; Hao, Y. -X.; Gao, Zhonglei; He, Zhaoguo; Baker, D. N.; Spence, H. E.; Reeves, G. D.; Blake, J. B.; Wygant, J. R.

doi:10.1038/ncomms10096

Ultra-low-frequency wave-driven diffusion of radiation belt relativistic electrons

Journal Article · Tue Dec 22 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10096· OSTI ID:1236062

^[1]; Zhu, Hui ^[1]; Xiao, Fuliang ^[2]; Zong, Q. -G. ^[3]; Zhou, X. -Z. ^[3]; Zheng, Huinan ^[1]; ^[1]; Wang, Shui ^[1]; Hao, Y. -X. ^[3]; Gao, Zhonglei ^[1]; He, Zhaoguo ^[4]; Baker, D. N. ^[5]; Spence, H. E. ^[6]; Reeves, G. D. ^[7]; Blake, J. B. ^[8]; Wygant, J. R. ^[9]

Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China)
Changsha Univ. of Science and Technology (China)
Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
Harbin Inst. of Technology (China). Shenzhen Graduate School
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)

The Van Allen radiation belts are typically two zones of energetic particles encircling the Earth separated by the slot region. How the outer radiation belt electrons are accelerated to relativistic energies remains an unanswered question. Recent studies have presented compelling evidence for the local acceleration by very-low-frequency (VLF) chorus waves. However, there has been a competing theory to the local acceleration, radial diffusion by ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves, whose importance has not yet been determined definitively. Here we report a unique radiation belt event with intense ULF waves but no detectable VLF chorus waves. So, our results demonstrate that the ULF waves moved the inner edge of the outer radiation belt earthward 0.3 Earth radii and enhanced the relativistic electron fluxes by up to one order of magnitude near the slot region within about 10 h, providing strong evidence for the radial diffusion of radiation belt relativistic electrons.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1236062

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--15-28804; ncomms10096

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Vol. 6; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (56)

Science Goals and Overview of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) Suite on NASA’s Van Allen Probes Mission Spence, H. E.; Reeves, G. D.; Baker, D. N. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-0007-5	journal	October 2013
The Electric Field and Waves Instruments on the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Wygant, J. R.; Bonnell, J. W.; Goetz, K. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-0013-7	journal	October 2013
The Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) Instruments Aboard the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft Blake, J. B.; Carranza, P. A.; Claudepierre, S. G. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-9991-8	journal	June 2013
The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) on RBSP Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Acuna, M. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-9993-6	journal	June 2013
On the origin of relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere associated with some geomagnetic storms Rostoker, Gordon; Skone, Susan; Baker, Daniel N. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1029/98gl02801	journal	October 1998
Effects of time-dependent electric fields on geomagnetically trapped radiation Fälthammar, Carl-Gunne Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 70, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/jz070i011p02503	journal	June 1965
Wave acceleration of electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts Horne, Richard B.; Thorne, Richard M.; Shprits, Yuri Y. Nature, Vol. 437, Issue 7056 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03939	journal	September 2005
Electron Acceleration in the Heart of the Van Allen Radiation Belts Reeves, G. D.; Spence, H. E.; Henderson, M. G. Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6149 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1237743	journal	July 2013
Nonstorm time dynamics of electron radiation belts observed by the Van Allen Probes Su, Zhenpeng; Xiao, Fuliang; Zheng, Huinan Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058912	journal	January 2014
Intense duskside lower band chorus waves observed by Van Allen Probes: Generation and potential acceleration effect on radiation belt electrons Su, Zhenpeng; Zhu, Hui; Xiao, Fuliang Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019919	journal	June 2014
Externally driven plasmaspheric ULF waves observed by the Van Allen Probes Takahashi, Kazue; Denton, Richard E.; Kurth, William Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020373	journal	January 2015
Magnetic field power spectra and magnetic radial diffusion coefficients using CRRES magnetometer data Ali, Ashar F.; Elkington, Scot R.; Tu, Weichao Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020419	journal	February 2015
Electron densities inferred from plasma wave spectra obtained by the Waves instrument on Van Allen Probes: Van Allen Probes Electron Densities Kurth, W. S.; De Pascuale, S.; Faden, J. B. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020857	journal	February 2015
Van Allen Probes observation of localized drift resonance between poloidal mode ultra-low frequency waves and 60 keV electrons: ULF DRIFT RESONANCE Claudepierre, S. G.; Mann, I. R.; Takahashi, K. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50901	journal	September 2013
A new diffusion matrix for whistler mode chorus waves: CHORUS DIFFUSION MATRIX Horne, Richard B.; Kersten, Tobias; Glauert, Sarah A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50594	journal	October 2013
Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Mauk, B. H.; Fox, N. J.; Kanekal, S. G. The Van Allen Probes Mission https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7433-4_2	book	January 2012
The Electric Field and Waves Instruments on the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Wygant, J. R.; Bonnell, J. W.; Goetz, K. The Van Allen Probes Mission https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7433-4_6	book	January 2013
Dynamics of Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation Roederer, J. G. Physics and Chemistry in Space https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49300-3	book	January 1970
Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Mauk, B. H.; Fox, N. J.; Kanekal, S. G. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9908-y	journal	September 2012
The Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope (REPT) Instrument on Board the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft: Characterization of Earth’s Radiation Belt High-Energy Particle Populations Baker, D. N.; Kanekal, S. G.; Hoxie, V. C. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9950-9	journal	December 2012
Increase in relativistic electron flux in the inner magnetosphere: ULF wave mode structure Hudson, M. K.; Elkington, S. R.; Lyon, J. G. Advances in Space Research, Vol. 25, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00518-9	journal	January 2000
Relativistic electron dynamics in the inner magnetosphere — a review Friedel, R. H. W.; Reeves, G. D.; Obara, T. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 64, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(01)00088-8	journal	January 2002
Acceleration of relativistic electrons via drift-resonant interaction with toroidal-mode Pc-5 ULF oscillations Elkington, Scot R.; Hudson, Mary K.; Chan, Anthony A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL003659	journal	November 1999
A correlation between extended intervals of Ulf wave power and storm-time geosynchronous relativistic electron flux enhancements Mathie, R. A.; Mann, I. R. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 27, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL003822	journal	October 2000
Substorm dependence of chorus amplitudes: Implications for the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.; Anderson, Roger R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JA900156	journal	July 2001
Resonant acceleration and diffusion of outer zone electrons in an asymmetric geomagnetic field Elkington, Scot R. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA009202	journal	January 2003
Energization of relativistic electrons in the presence of ULF power and MeV microbursts: Evidence for dual ULF and VLF acceleration O'Brien, T. P. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009784	journal	January 2003
CRRES electric field power spectra and radial diffusion coefficients Brautigam, D. H. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010612	journal	January 2005
Modeling the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere during strong geomagnetic storms Tsyganenko, N. A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010798	journal	January 2005
Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves Horne, Richard B. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010811	journal	January 2005
Acceleration mechanism responsible for the formation of the new radiation belt during the 2003 Halloween solar storm Shprits, Y. Y.; Thorne, R. M.; Horne, R. B. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024256	journal	January 2006
Impact of ULF oscillations in solar wind dynamic pressure on the outer radiation belt electrons Ukhorskiy, A. Y.; Anderson, B. J.; Takahashi, K. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024380	journal	January 2006
Radial diffusion and MHD particle simulations of relativistic electron transport by ULF waves in the September 1998 storm Fei, Yue; Chan, Anthony A.; Elkington, Scot R. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011211	journal	January 2006
Radial diffusion of relativistic electrons into the radiation belt slot region during the 2003 Halloween geomagnetic storms Loto'aniu, T. M.; Mann, I. R.; Ozeke, L. G. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011355	journal	January 2006
Ultralow frequency modulation of energetic particles in the dayside magnetosphere Zong, Q. -G.; Zhou, X. -Z.; Li, X. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029915	journal	January 2007
Three-dimensional diffusion simulation of outer radiation belt electrons during the 9 October 1990 magnetic storm: THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION SIMULATION Albert, Jay M.; Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014336	journal	September 2009
Effect of aerosol on trade cumulus cloud morphology Jiang, Hongli; Feingold, Graham; Koren, Ilan Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, Issue D11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011750	journal	January 2009
Aerosol variability over East Asia as seen by POLDER space-borne sensors: AEROSOL VARIABILITY OVER EAST ASIA Su, X.; Goloub, P.; Chiapello, I. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 115, Issue D24 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014286	journal	December 2010
ULF wave derived radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients: ULF WAVE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS Ozeke, Louis G.; Mann, Ian R.; Murphy, Kyle R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017463	journal	April 2012
Quantifying radial diffusion coefficients of radiation belt electrons based on global MHD simulation and spacecraft measurements: QUANTIFY RADIAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS Tu, Weichao; Elkington, Scot R.; Li, Xinlin Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017901	journal	October 2012
Global model of lower band and upper band chorus from multiple satellite observations: GLOBAL MODEL OF WHISTLER MODE CHORUS Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.; Sicard-Piet, Angélica Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017978	journal	October 2012
Coronal mass ejections, magnetic clouds, and relativistic magnetospheric electron events: ISTP Baker, D. N.; Pulkkinen, T. I.; Li, X. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 103, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA03329	journal	August 1998
Potential waves for relativistic electron scattering and stochastic acceleration during magnetic storms Horne, Richard B.; Thorne, Richard M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01002	journal	August 1998
The global response of relativistic radiation belt electrons to the January 1997 magnetic cloud Reeves, G. D.; Baker, D. N.; Belian, R. D. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL02509	journal	September 1998
On the origin of relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere associated with some geomagnetic storms Rostoker, Gordon; Skone, Susan; Baker, Daniel N. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL02801	journal	October 1998
Relativistic theory of wave-particle resonant diffusion with application to electron acceleration in the magnetosphere Summers, Danny; Thorne, Richard M.; Xiao, Fuliang Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 103, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA01740	journal	September 1998
Charged particle behavior in low-frequency geomagnetic pulsations, 2. Graphical approach Southwood, David J.; Kivelson, Margaret G. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 87, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA087iA03p01707	journal	March 1982
Ion flux oscillations associated with a radially polarized transverse Pc 5 magnetic pulsation Takahashi, K.; McEntire, R. W.; Lui, A. T. Y. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA04p03717	journal	January 1990
Coordinates for mapping the distribution of magnetically trapped particles McIlwain, Carl E. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 66, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ066i011p03681	journal	November 1961
Effects of time-dependent electric fields on geomagnetically trapped radiation Fälthammar, Carl-Gunne Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 70, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i011p02503	journal	June 1965
Radiation Around the Earth to a Radial Distance of 107,400 km. Van Allen, James A.; Frank, Louis A. Nature, Vol. 183, Issue 4659 https://doi.org/10.1038/183430a0	journal	February 1959
Rapid local acceleration of relativistic radiation-belt electrons by magnetospheric chorus Thorne, R. M.; Li, W.; Ni, B. Nature, Vol. 504, Issue 7480 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12889	journal	December 2013
Discovery of the action of a geophysical synchrotron in the Earth’s Van Allen radiation belts Mann, Ian R.; Lee, E. A.; Claudepierre, S. G. Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3795	journal	November 2013
Wave-driven butterfly distribution of Van Allen belt relativistic electrons Xiao, Fuliang; Yang, Chang; Su, Zhenpeng Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9590	journal	October 2015
The energization of relativistic electrons in the outer Van Allen radiation belt Chen, Yue; Reeves, Geoffrey D.; Friedel, Reiner H. W. Nature Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys655	journal	July 2007
A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis Torrence, Christopher; Compo, Gilbert P. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 79, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2	journal	January 1998

Cited By (25)

Radiation belt electron acceleration during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm: Observations and simulations: Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration Li, W.; Ma, Q.; Thorne, R. M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ja022400	journal	June 2016
Nonlinear fundamental and harmonic cyclotron resonant scattering of radiation belt ultrarelativistic electrons by oblique monochromatic EMIC waves Wang, Geng; Su, Zhenpeng; Zheng, Huinan Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ja023451	journal	February 2017
Dependence of radiation belt simulations to assumed radial diffusion rates tested for two empirical models of radial transport: VERB CODE SIMULATIONS WITH DIFFERENT DLL Drozdov, A. Y.; Shprits, Y. Y.; Aseev, N. A. Space Weather, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016sw001426	journal	January 2017
Scaling laws for the inner structure of the radiation belts: RADIATION BELT STRUCTURE Mourenas, D.; Ma, Q.; Artemyev, A. V. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl072987	journal	April 2017
Prompt Disappearance and Emergence of Radiation Belt Magnetosonic Waves Induced by Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Variations Liu, Nigang; Su, Zhenpeng; Zheng, Huinan Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl076382	journal	January 2018
The Global Statistical Response of the Outer Radiation Belt During Geomagnetic Storms Murphy, K. R.; Watt, C. E. J.; Mann, I. R. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl076674	journal	May 2018
Rapid Loss of Radiation Belt Relativistic Electrons by EMIC Waves Su, Zhenpeng; Gao, Zhonglei; Zheng, Huinan Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja024169	journal	October 2017
On the Effect of Geomagnetic Storms on Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belt: Van Allen Probes Observations: EFFECT OF STORMS ON THE RADIATION BELTS Moya, Pablo S.; Pinto, Víctor A.; Sibeck, David G. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja024735	journal	November 2017
Variations of the Electron Fluxes in the Terrestrial Radiation Belts Due To the Impact of Corotating Interaction Regions and Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Benacquista, R.; Boscher, D.; Rochel, S. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja024796	journal	February 2018
Quantitative Evaluation of Radial Diffusion and Local Acceleration Processes During GEM Challenge Events Ma, Q.; Li, W.; Bortnik, J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja025114	journal	March 2018
Monte Carlo simulations of the sensor head of imaging energetic electron spectrometer onboard a Chinese IGSO navigation satellite Zou, Hong; Ye, YuGuang; Zong, QiuGang Science China Technological Sciences, Vol. 62, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017-9314-6	journal	October 2018
A Distributed Lag Autoregressive Model of Geostationary Relativistic Electron Fluxes: Comparing the Influences of Waves, Seed and Source Electrons, and Solar Wind Inputs Simms, Laura; Engebretson, Mark; Clilverd, Mark Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2017ja025002	journal	May 2018
Nonlinear and Synergistic Effects of ULF Pc5, VLF Chorus, and EMIC Waves on Relativistic Electron Flux at Geosynchronous Orbit Simms, Laura E.; Engebretson, Mark J.; Clilverd, Mark A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2017ja025003	journal	June 2018
Magnetospheric Chorus, Exohiss, and Magnetosonic Emissions Simultaneously Modulated by Fundamental Toroidal Standing Alfvén Waves Following Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Fluctuations Liu, Nigang; Su, Zhenpeng; Gao, Zhonglei Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl081500	journal	February 2019
Statistical Properties of Hiss in Plasmaspheric Plumes and Associated Scattering Losses of Radiation Belt Electrons Zhang, Wenxun; Ni, Binbin; Huang, He Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl081863	journal	June 2019
Traveling Ultralow-Frequency Waves and Their Influences Over Low-Energy, Charged Particles Yang, Mu; Zhou, Xu-Zhi; Zong, Qiu-Gang Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja025184	journal	May 2018
Ultralow Frequency Waves as an Intermediary for Solar Wind Energy Input Into the Radiation Belts Georgiou, M.; Daglis, I. A.; Rae, I. J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja025355	journal	November 2018
Contribution of ULF Wave Activity to the Global Recovery of the Outer Radiation Belt During the Passage of a High‐Speed Solar Wind Stream Observed in September 2014 Da Silva, L. A.; Sibeck, D.; Alves, L. R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja026184	journal	March 2019
Modulation of Locally Generated Equatorial Noise by ULF Wave Zhu, Hui; Chen, Lunjin; Liu, Xu Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja026199	journal	April 2019
Outer Van Allen Radiation Belt Response to Interacting Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Kilpua, E. K. J.; Turner, D. L.; Jaynes, A. N. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja026238	journal	March 2019
The Efficiency of Coronal Mass Ejection With Different IMF Preconditions on the Production of Megaelectronvolt Electron Content in the Outer Radiation Belt Yuan, C. ‐J.; Zong, Q. ‐G. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja026263	journal	May 2019
Impact of Significant Time‐Integrated Geomagnetic Activity on 2‐MeV Electron Flux Mourenas, D.; Artemyev, A. V.; Zhang, X. ‐J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026659	journal	June 2019
Propagation of EMIC Waves Inside the Plasmasphere: A Two‐Event Study Wang, G.; Zhang, T. L.; Gao, Z. L. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja027055	journal	November 2019
The ARASE (ERG) magnetic field investigation Matsuoka, Ayako; Teramoto, Mariko; Nomura, Reiko Earth, Planets and Space, Vol. 70, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0800-1	journal	March 2018
On the radiation belt location during the 23rd and 24th solar cycles Dmitriev, Alexei V. Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-719-2019	journal	January 2019

Similar Records

Explaining the dynamics of the ultra-relativistic third Van Allen radiation belt

Journal Article · Sun Jun 19 20:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nature Physics · OSTI ID:1338757

Source and seed populations for relativistic electrons: Their roles in radiation belt changes

Journal Article · Tue Sep 08 20:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics · OSTI ID:1236779

Roles of whistler mode waves and magnetosonic waves in changing the outer radiation belt and the slot region

Journal Article · Tue Apr 25 20:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics · OSTI ID:1467370

Related Subjects

58 GEOSCIENCES
astronomy
physical sciences

Ultra-low-frequency wave-driven diffusion of radiation belt relativistic electrons

Citation Formats

References (56)

Cited By (25)

Similar Records

Related Subjects