TEM in situ lithiation of tin nanoneedles for battery applications

Janish, Matthew T.; Mackay, David T.; Liu, Yang; Jungjohann, Katherine L.; Carter, C. Barry; Norton, M. Grant

doi:10.1007/s10853-015-9318-0

TEM in situ lithiation of tin nanoneedles for battery applications

Journal Article · Wed Aug 12 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Materials Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9318-0· OSTI ID:1236483

Janish, Matthew T. ^[1]; Mackay, David T. ^[2]; Liu, Yang ^[3]; Jungjohann, Katherine L. ^[3]; Carter, C. Barry ^[4]; Norton, M. Grant ^[2]

Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (United States)
Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Materials such as tin (Sn) and silicon that alloy with lithium (Li) have attracted renewed interest as anode materials in Li-ion batteries. Although their superior capacity to graphite and other intercalation materials has been known for decades, their mechanical instability due to extreme volume changes during cycling has traditionally limited their commercial viability. This limitation is changing as processes emerge that produce nanostructured electrodes. The nanostructures can accommodate the repeated expansion and contraction as Li is inserted and removed without failing mechanically. Recently, one such nano-manufacturing process, which is capable of depositing coatings of Sn “nanoneedles” at low temperature with no template and at industrial scales, has been described. The present work is concerned with observations of the lithiation and delithiation behavior of these Sn nanoneedles during in situ experiments in the transmission electron microscope, along with a brief review of how in situ TEM experiments have been used to study the lithiation of Li-alloying materials. Individual needles are successfully lithiated and delithiated in solid-state half-cells against a Li-metal counter-electrode. Furthermore the microstructural evolution of the needles is discussed, including the transformation of one needle from single-crystal Sn to polycrystalline Sn–Li and back to single-crystal Sn.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES); Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000; SC0001160

OSTI ID:: 1236483

Report Number(s):: SAND--2015-7618J; PII: 9318

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Science, Journal Name: Journal of Materials Science Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 51; ISSN 0022-2461

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
batteries
in-situ TEM
lithiation
nanoneedles
tin

TEM in situ lithiation of tin nanoneedles for battery applications

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