Appendix D: GPRA05 Distributed Energy Program Documentation
Because the time horizon of the Annual Energy Outlook 2003 Reference Case (AEO-3 case) version of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) is 2025, and the goals of Distributed Energy (DE) programs are relatively short-term, the approach taken in this GPRA cycle is that most of the outputs are captured before that date. However, DE programs are part of a wider effort to transform the power system from its current highly centralized form to a more robust decentralized paradigm, a transformation with a longer time horizon than NEMS-GPRA provides. Distributed generation (DG) appears in multiple modules (roughly corresponding to subsectors of the full energy sector, i.e. utility, commercial, etc.), which hinders the DE program’s use of NEMS-GPRA. Further, only a limited number of technology slots are typically available to represent a broad array of equipment types, sizes, and configurations. For example, the reciprocating engines in the commercial sector all have combined heat and power (CHP) heating (but not cooling) capability, while those in the utility sector do not—in some instances, engines without CHP might be attractive in the commercial sector and vice-versa. Proper representation of DE program goals includes an accurate representation of DE’s technology-advancement targets, as well as an accounting for the limitations in the structure of NEMS, which can hinder estimation of the benefits that can be realized from DG technologies. Therefore, in addition to changing input assumptions relative to the AEO-3 version of NEMS, other fixes to perceived limitations or omissions are also appropriate in both the base and program cases.
- Research Organization:
- US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI ID:
- 1216592
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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