skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Review of the theoretical and experimental status of dark matter identification with cosmic-ray antideuterons

Journal Article · · Physics Reports
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [6];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [13];  [5];  [14];  [15];  [4];  [15] more »;  [12];  [16];  [17];  [6];  [11];  [18];  [19] « less
  1. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. INFN Sezione di Torino, Torino (Italy)
  4. Univ. of Oslo, Oslo (Norway)
  5. Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)
  6. INFN Sezione di Torino, Torino (Italy); Univ. of Torino, Torino (Italy)
  7. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Kanagawa (Japan)
  8. Univ. Hamburg, Hamburg (Germany)
  9. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
  10. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  11. Technische Univ. Munchen, Garching (Germany)
  12. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  13. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  14. Haverford College, Haverford, PA (United States)
  15. Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux (France)
  16. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  17. SISSA - International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste (Italy)
  18. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  19. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki (Japan)

Recent years have seen increased theoretical and experimental effort towards the first-ever detection of cosmic-ray antideuterons, in particular as an indirect signature of dark matter annihilation or decay. In contrast to indirect dark matter searches using positrons, antiprotons, or γ-rays, which suffer from relatively high and uncertain astrophysical backgrounds, searches with antideuterons benefit from very suppressed conventional backgrounds, offering a potential breakthrough in unexplored phase space for dark matter. This article is based on the first dedicated cosmic-ray antideuteron workshop, which was held at UCLA in June 2014. It reviews broad classes of dark matter candidates that result in detectable cosmic-ray antideuteron fluxes, as well as the status and prospects of current experimental searches. The coalescence model of antideuteron production and the influence of antideuteron measurements at particle colliders are discussed. This is followed by a review of the modeling of antideuteron propagation through the magnetic fields, plasma currents, and molecular material of our Galaxy, the solar system, the Earth’s geomagnetic field, and the atmosphere. Lastly, the three ongoing or planned experiments that are sensitive to cosmic-ray antideuterons, BESS, AMS-02, and GAPS, are detailed. As cosmic-ray antideuteron detection is a rare event search, multiple experiments with orthogonal techniques and backgrounds are essential. Furthermore, the combination of AMS-02 and GAPS antideuteron searches is highly desirable. Many theoretical and experimental groups have contributed to these studies over the last decade, this review aims to provide the first coherent discussion of the relevant dark matter theories that antideuterons probe, the challenges to predictions and interpretations of antideuteron signals, and the experimental efforts toward cosmic antideuteron detection.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1261077
Report Number(s):
SLAC-PUB-16597; arXiv:1505.07785
Journal Information:
Physics Reports, Vol. 618, Issue C; ISSN 0370-1573
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 55 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (185)

Experimental observation of antideuteron production journal September 1965
Observation of Antideuterons journal June 1965
A Hydrogen Isotope of Mass 2 journal January 1932
Deuterons from high-energy proton bombardment of matter journal May 1962
Deuterons from High-Energy Proton Bombardment of Matter journal January 1963
Production of Tritons, Deuterons, Nucleons, and Mesons by 30-GeV Protons on A1, Be, and Fe Targets journal January 1963
Motion of the Galaxy and the local group determined from the velocity anisotropy of distant SC I galaxies. I - The data journal September 1976
Motion of the Galaxy and the local group determined from the velocity anisotropy of distant SC I galaxies. II - The analysis for the motion journal September 1976
Review of Observational Evidence for Dark Matter in the Universe and in upcoming searches for Dark Stars journal January 2009
Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters journal October 2014
Dark Matter Searches with Astroparticle Data journal September 2011
Direct dark matter detection: The next decade journal November 2012
New Directions in Direct Dark Matter Searches journal January 2014
Silicon Detector Dark Matter Results from the Final Exposure of CDMS II journal December 2013
Search for WIMP annual modulation signature: results from DAMA/NaI-3 and DAMA/NaI-4 and the global combined analysis journal May 2000
Dark Matter search journal January 2003
DARK MATTER PARTICLES IN THE GALACTIC HALO: RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS FROM DAMA/NaI journal December 2004
First results from DAMA/LIBRA and the combined results with DAMA/NaI journal August 2008
New results from DAMA/LIBRA journal March 2010
Results from a Search for Light-Mass Dark Matter with a p -Type Point Contact Germanium Detector journal March 2011
Search for an Annual Modulation in a p -Type Point Contact Germanium Dark Matter Detector journal September 2011
CoGeNT: A search for low-mass dark matter using p -type point contact germanium detectors journal July 2013
Dark Matter Results from 225 Live Days of XENON100 Data journal November 2012
Update on light WIMP limits: LUX, lite and light journal March 2014
Halo-independent analysis of direct detection data for light WIMPs journal October 2013
Dark matter in light of the LUX results journal May 2014
An anomalous positron abundance in cosmic rays with energies 1.5–100 GeV journal April 2009
Measurement of Separate Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Spectra with the Fermi Large Area Telescope journal January 2012
First Result from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station: Precision Measurement of the Positron Fraction in Primary Cosmic Rays of 0.5–350 GeV journal April 2013
High Statistics Measurement of the Positron Fraction in Primary Cosmic Rays of 0.5–500 GeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal September 2014
Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Antiproton Spectrum at Solar Minimum with a Long-Duration Balloon Flight over Antarctica journal January 2012
PAMELA Results on the Cosmic-Ray Antiproton Flux from 60 MeV to 180 GeV in Kinetic Energy journal September 2010
Antiprotons from Dark Matter: current constraints and future sensitivities journal April 2013
Dark matter searches with cosmic antideuterons: status and perspectives journal September 2013
Antiproton limits on decaying gravitino dark matter journal December 2013
Antideuterons as a signature of supersymmetric dark matter journal July 2000
Low energy antideuterons: shedding light on dark matter journal December 2005
Antideuteron fluxes from dark matter annihilation in diffusion models journal August 2008
Flux of light antimatter nuclei near Earth, induced by cosmic rays in the Galaxy and in the atmosphere journal April 2005
Prospects of antideuteron detection from dark matter annihilations or decays at AMS-02 and GAPS journal February 2013
Determination of the cosmic antideuteron flux in a Monte Carlo approach journal July 2013
Antideuteron limits on decaying dark matter with a tuned formation model journal May 2014
Search for Cosmic-Ray Antideuterons journal August 2005
An indirect search for dark matter using antideuterons: the GAPS experiment journal October 2009
Antideuteron sensitivity for the GAPS experiment journal February 2016
The production of anti-matter in our galaxy journal September 1997
Anti-deuterons from heavy Dark Matter journal July 2009
Antideuterons from dark matter decay journal June 2009
Enhanced anti-deuteron Dark Matter signal and the implications of PAMELA journal January 2010
General analysis of antideuteron searches for dark matter journal November 2010
Antideuterons from dark matter annihilations and hadronization model dependence journal November 2012
Antideuterons from decaying gravitino dark matter journal July 2015
The antimatter spectrometer (AMS-02): A particle physics detector in space
  • Battiston, Roberto
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 588, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.01.044
journal April 2008
A Novel Antimatter Detector Based on X‐Ray Deexcitation of Exotic Atoms journal February 2002
Antideuteron based dark matter search with GAPS: Current progress and future prospects journal January 2013
The prototype GAPS (pGAPS) experiment
  • Mognet, S. A. I.; Aramaki, T.; Bando, N.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 735 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.08.030
journal January 2014
The pGAPS experiment: An engineering balloon flight of prototype GAPS journal May 2014
Particle dark matter: evidence, candidates and constraints journal January 2005
Dark Matter Candidates from Particle Physics and Methods of Detection journal August 2010
Dark matter search experiments journal July 2011
Full calculation of clumpiness boost factors for antimatter cosmic rays in the light of ${\Lambda}$CDM  N -body simulation results : Abandoning hope in clumpiness enhancement? journal December 2007
Galactic substructure and dark-matter annihilation in the Milky Way halo journal February 2010
Low-mass right-handed sneutrino dark matter: SuperCDMS and LUX constraints and the Galactic Centre gamma-ray excess journal August 2014
Galactic Center Excess in γ Rays from Annihilation of Self-Interacting Dark Matter journal May 2015
A description of the Galactic Center excess in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model journal August 2015
The Galactic Center GeV excess from a series of leptonic cosmic-ray outbursts journal December 2015
Simulated Milky Way analogues: implications for dark matter indirect searches journal December 2015
Warped Unification, Proton Stability, and Dark Matter journal December 2004
Baryon number in warped grand unified theories: model building and (dark matter related) phenomenology journal February 2005
Indirect detection of Dirac right-handed neutrino dark matter journal October 2005
A theory of dark matter journal January 2009
Indirect detection analysis: wino dark matter case study journal July 2014
Scalar Phantoms journal October 1985
Gauge singlet scalars as cold dark matter journal September 1994
The Minimal Model of nonbaryonic dark matter: a singlet scalar journal December 2001
Update on scalar singlet dark matter journal September 2013
Constraining the Higgs portal with antiprotons journal March 2015
Closing in on singlet scalar dark matter: LUX, invisible Higgs decays and gamma-ray lines journal March 2015
Indirect Searches for Decaying dark Matter journal October 2013
Gravitino dark matter without R-parity journal July 2000
Gravitino dark matter in R-parity breaking vacua journal March 2007
Gravitino dark matter and the flavour structure of R-violating operators journal June 2009
R-Parity-violating supersymmetry journal November 2005
Discrete gauge symmetries and the origin of baryon and lepton number conservation in supersymmetric versions of the standard model journal January 1992
Measurement of the flux of primary cosmic ray antiprotons with energies of 60 MeV to 350 GeV in the PAMELA experiment journal January 2013
High energy cosmic rays from the decay of gravitino dark matter journal September 2008
Unstable gravitino dark matter and neutrino flux journal January 2009
Indirect searches for gravitino dark matter journal July 2012
Gravitino dark matter and flavor symmetries journal August 2014
Photon, neutrino and charged particle spectra from R-violating gravitino decays journal March 2010
Anti-helium from dark matter annihilations journal August 2014
Antihelium from dark matter journal April 2014
Search for Antihelium with the BESS-Polar Spectrometer journal March 2012
Upper limit on the antihelium flux in primary cosmic rays journal August 2011
Search for antihelium in cosmic rays journal September 1999
Deuteron and anti-deuteron production in <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> collisions at the Z resonance journal August 2006
Antideuteron production in Υ ( n S ) decays and the nearby continuum journal January 2007
Large angle production of stable particles heavier than the proton and a search for quarks at the CERN intersecting storage rings journal September 1973
Production of deuterons and antideuterons in proton-proton collisions at the CERN ISR journal February 1978
Measurement of (anti)deuteron and (anti)proton production in DIS at HERA journal December 2007
Light Nuclei and Anti-nuclei Production in $pp$ and Pb–Pb Collisions with ALICE journal January 2012
Antideuteron production in ϒ ( n S ) decays and in e + e q q ¯ at s 10.58 GeV journal June 2014
PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual journal May 2006
Herwig++ physics and manual journal November 2008
Investigation of Monte Carlo uncertainties on Higgs boson searches using jet substructure journal October 2012
Alternative formation model for antideuterons from dark matter journal June 2015
The BABAR detector
  • Aubert, B.; Bazan, A.; Boucham, A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 479, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02012-5
journal February 2002
The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC journal August 2008
The ALICE TPC, a large 3-dimensional tracking device with fast readout for ultra-high multiplicity events
  • Alme, J.; Andres, Y.; Appelshäuser, H.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 622, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.042
journal October 2010
Zur Theorie des Durchgangs schneller Korpuskularstrahlen durch Materie journal January 1930
Production of light nuclei, hypernuclei and their antiparticles in relativistic nuclear collisions journal March 2011
Antimatter production in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies journal November 2011
Hadron yields and the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter journal November 2014
NA61/SHINE facility at the CERN SPS: beams and detector system journal June 2014
The NA49 large acceptance hadron detector
  • Afanasiev, S.; Alber, T.; Appelshäuser, H.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 430, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00239-9
journal July 1999
Antideuteron and deuteron production in midcentral Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A GeV journal April 2012
Breeding of antideuterons in the AIC at FAIR journal August 2009
Observation of antihelium-3 journal September 1971
Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus journal April 2011
Production of d, t, 3He, and by 200 GeV protons journal November 1978
Particle production and search for long-lived particles in 200–240 GeV/c proton-nucleon collisions journal November 1980
Composite particle emission in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal July 1979
Production and Propagation of Cosmic‐Ray Positrons and Electrons journal February 1998
Stochastic reacceleration of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium journal August 1994
Propagation of galactic cosmic rays under diffusive reacceleration journal March 1995
Cosmic Rays below Z  = 30 in a Diffusion Model: New Constraints on Propagation Parameters journal July 2001
Cosmic Antiprotons as a Probe for Supersymmetric Dark Matter? journal November 1999
Propagation of Cosmic‐Ray Nucleons in the Galaxy journal December 1998
Origin of cosmic rays: Galactic models with halo: I. Proton nucleon component journal April 1980
Propagation of cosmic-ray nuclei in a diffusing galaxy with convective halo and thin matter disk journal May 1992
β –radioactive cosmic rays in a diffusion model: Test for a local bubble? journal January 2002
Antiprotons from Spallations of Cosmic Rays on Interstellar Matter journal December 2001
Antiprotons in cosmic rays from neutralino annihilation journal March 2004
Kaluza-Klein dark matter and galactic antiprotons journal September 2005
Sub-GeV galactic cosmic-ray antiprotons from primordial black holes in the Randall-Sundrum braneworld journal March 2005
Antiprotons from primordial black holes journal May 2002
Antideuterons as a probe of primordial black holes journal January 2003
Synthesis maps of ultraviolet observations of neutral interstellar gas journal August 1983
FERMI -LAT OBSERVATIONS OF THE DIFFUSE γ-RAY EMISSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMIC RAYS AND THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM journal April 2012
Galactic synchrotron emission with cosmic ray propagation models journal October 2013
Radio data and synchrotron emission in consistent cosmic ray models journal January 2012
Cosmic-Ray Positron Energy Spectrum Measured by PAMELA journal August 2013
Antimatter signatures of gravitino dark matter decay journal July 2008
Dynamical constraints on the dark matter distribution in the Milky Way journal December 2015
The passage of energetic charged particles through interplanetary space journal January 1965
Low Energy Cosmic Ray Positron Fraction Explained by Charge-Sign Dependent Solar Modulation journal February 2013
Modeling the Modulation of Galactic and Jovian Electrons by Stochastic Processes journal June 2011
Modelling heliospheric current sheet drift in stochastic cosmic ray transport models journal February 2012
International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the eleventh generation: IGRF-11 journal October 2010
Geomagnetic cutoff rigidities and geomagnetic coordinates appropriate for the Carrington flare Epoch journal January 2006
The flight of the GAPS prototype experiment journal February 2014
Geant4—a simulation toolkit
  • Agostinelli, S.; Allison, J.; Amako, K.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 506, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8
journal July 2003
Geant4 developments and applications journal February 2006
Simulations of light antinucleus–nucleus interactions journal January 2013
Constraints on the Intergalactic Transport of Cosmic Rays journal December 1997
A Matter‐Antimatter Universe? journal March 1998
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station: Part I – results from the test flight on the space shuttle journal August 2002
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal August 2012
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal October 2013
The AMS-02 Anticoincidence Counter journal December 2009
The AMS-02 RICH detector: Performance during ground-based data taking at CERN journal May 2011
Constraining Galactic cosmic-ray parameters with Z   ≤  2 nuclei journal February 2012
Propagation of H and He cosmic ray isotopes in the Galaxy: astrophysical and nuclear uncertainties journal June 2012
Precision Measurement of the Proton Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from Rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal April 2015
Potential for precision measurement of low-energy antiprotons with GAPS for dark matter and primordial black hole physics journal July 2014
A measurement of atomic X-ray yields in exotic atoms and implications for an antideuteron-based dark matter search journal September 2013
Antiproton-nucleus interaction journal January 1989
Production of light particles after antiproton-nucleus annihilation and their interpretation with statistical models journal March 1993
Development of Meter-Scale U-Shaped and O-Shaped Oscillating Heat Pipes for GAPS journal November 2014
Preliminary prediction of solar cycles 24 and 25 based on the correlation between cycle parameters journal October 2008
Antiproton Limits on Decaying Gravitino Dark Matter journal January 2015
Antideuterons from decaying gravitino dark matter journal May 2016
Galactic Substructure and Dark Matter Annihilation in the Milky Way Halo text January 2010
Status of the AMS Experiment preprint January 2010
Particle Production in p-p and Heavy Ion Collisions at Ultrarelativistic Energies text January 2011
Unstable Gravitino Dark Matter - Prospects for Indirect and Direct Detection preprint January 2011
Direct dark matter detection: the next decade text January 2012
The Prototype GAPS (pGAPS) Experiment text January 2013
Anti-helium from Dark Matter annihilations text January 2014
Antideuteron Limits on Decaying Dark Matter with a Tuned Formation Model text January 2014
New results on source and diffusion spectral features of Galactic cosmic rays: I- B/C ratio text January 2002
Antimatter from primordial black holes preprint January 2002
Interactions of Cosmic Ray Nuclei preprint January 1994
Constraints on the Intergalactic Transport of Cosmic Rays text January 1997
Deuteron and Anti-deuteron Production in e+e- Collisions at the Z Resonance text January 2006

Cited By (5)

Impact of Cosmic-Ray Physics on Dark Matter Indirect Searches journal December 2018
Slowly rotating Bose Einstein condensate galactic dark matter halos, and their rotation curves journal April 2018
Black hole solutions in functional extensions of Born-Infeld gravity text January 2016
Cosmic rays, anti-helium, and an old navy spotlight text January 2017
Slowly rotating Bose Einstein Condensate galactic dark matter halos, and their rotation curves text January 2018

Similar Records

Cosmic-ray Antinuclei as Messengers of New Physics: Status and Outlook for the New Decade
Journal Article · Mon Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2020 · TBD · OSTI ID:1261077

Dark matter searches with cosmic antideuterons: status and perspectives
Journal Article · Sun Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · OSTI ID:1261077

Antideuteron fluxes from dark matter annihilation in diffusion models
Journal Article · Fri Aug 15 00:00:00 EDT 2008 · Physical Review. D, Particles Fields · OSTI ID:1261077