Inward Lithium-Ion Breathing of Hierarchically Porous Silicon Anodes

Xiao, Qiangfeng; Gu, Meng; Yang, Hui; Li, Bing; Zhang, Cunman; Liu, Yang; Liu, Fang; Dai, Fang; Yang, Li; Liu, Zhongyi; Xiao, Xingcheng; Liu, Gao; Zhao, Peng; Zhang, Sulin; Wang, Chong M.; Lu, Yunfeng; Cai, Mei

doi:10.1038/ncomms9844

Title: Inward Lithium-Ion Breathing of Hierarchically Porous Silicon Anodes

Journal Article · Thu Nov 05 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9844· OSTI ID:1243285

Xiao, Qiangfeng ^[1]; Gu, Meng ^[2]; Yang, Hui ^[3]; Li, Bing ^[4]; Zhang, Cunman ^[5]; Liu, Yang ^[6]; Liu, Fang ^[6]; Dai, Fang ^[1]; Yang, Li ^[1]; Liu, Zhongyi ^[1]; Xiao, Xingcheng ^[1]; Liu, Gao ^[7]; Zhao, Peng ^[3]; Zhang, Sulin ^[3]; Wang, Chong M. ^[2]; Lu, Yunfeng ^[6]; Cai, Mei ^[1]

General Motors Research and Development Center, Warran, MI (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Tongji University, Shanghai (China)
Tongji University, Shanghai (China)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Silicon has been identified as a highly promising anode for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The key challenge for Si anodes is large volume change during the lithiation/delithiation cycle that results in chemomechanical degradation and subsequent rapid capacity fading. Here we report a novel fabrication method for hierarchically porous Si nanospheres (hp-SiNSs), which consist of a porous shell and a hollow core. On charge/discharge cycling, the hp-SiNSs accommodate the volume change through reversible inward Li breathing with negligible particle-level outward expansion. Our mechanics analysis revealed that such inward expansion is enabled by the much stiffer lithiated layer than the unlithiated porous layer. LIBs assembled with the hp-SiNSs exhibit high capacity, high power and long cycle life, which is superior to the current commercial Si-based anode materials. The low-cost synthesis approach provides a new avenue for the rational design of hierarchically porous structures with unique materials properties.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1243285

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1378636

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-113149; 48379; KP1704020

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 6; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 196 works

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