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This study describes the conceptual steps in reaching the design of the AWAKE experiment currently under construction at CERN. We start with an introduction to plasma wakefield acceleration and the motivation for using proton drivers. We then describe the self-modulation instability – a key to an early realization of the concept. This is then followed by the historical development of the experimental design, where the critical issues that arose and their solutions are described. We conclude with the design of the experiment as it is being realized at CERN and some words on the future outlook. A summary of themore » AWAKE design and construction status as presented in this conference is given in Gschwendtner et al. [1] .« less

In 2003, more than 2,700 scientists from around the world signed a published statement Understanding Matter, Energy, Space and Time: the Case for the Linear Collider [1-1]. The statement made clear the undisputed worldwide consensus that the next energy frontier machine after the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) should be an electron-positron linear collider with an initial centre-of-mass energy reach of 500 gigaelectronvolts (GeV), upgradable to 1 teraelectronvolt (TeV). In the same year, the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA) commissioned the International Technology Review Panel (ITRP) to select from the then competing acceleration technologies a single technology that would bemore » the basis for an international design effort towards a truly global project. The following year, 2004, the ITRP recommended to ICFA that the 1.3-gigahertz superconducting radiofrequency (SCRF) technology developed by the TESLA collaboration [1-2] should form the basis for the design of the International Linear Collider (ILC).« less