The question of linkages in environment and development
To make the world more manageable, humans have split it up into disciplinary components such as nations, communities, economic sectors, ecological zones, and scientific disciplines. However, the preoccupation with a certain sector often means the larger perspective is lost. Dynamic interactions between the sectors are as important as the sectors themselves. This article examines the entire issue of linkages. It starts with a conceptual framework analyzing the character and prevalence of linkages, using the oceans as an illustration with its sectors of fisheries, biodiversity, pollution, technology, climate, and energy. Different types of linkages are discussed: linked linages (e.g., economic links serving to reflect or reinforce environmental linkages and vice versa); synergized linkages (e.g.: acid rain in the humid tropics); present/future linages. Examples of super-scope linkages are given: developing world debt; agricultural subsidies; marginal people in marginal environments. Finally the problem of institutional indifference to linkages and world responses to linkages - policy interventions and planning, programing and management - are discussed. 53 refs.
- OSTI ID:
- 6798209
- Journal Information:
- Bioscience; (United States), Vol. 43:5; ISSN 0006-3568
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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POLICY AND ECONOMY
ENVIRONMENT
HUMAN FACTORS
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS
ACID RAIN
COMMUNITIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
FISHERIES
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
INTERVENTIONS
POLLUTION
SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL
SECTORAL ANALYSIS
SUBSIDIES
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES
ANIMALS
ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS
FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS
MAMMALS
MAN
PERSONNEL
PRIMATES
PROFESSIONAL PERSONNEL
RAIN
VERTEBRATES
290200* - Energy Planning & Policy- Economics & Sociology