Behavior of toluene added to sludge-amended soils
Toluene is a priority pollutant that can be introduced to soils in a variety of wastes, including some municipal sludges. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the behavior of toluene in two soils in the presence and absence of municipal sludge. Sludge additions increased toluene adsorption in two soils because of increased organic C content. The source of organic C (soil or sludge) and soil clay content also influenced toluene adsorption. Toluene adsorption-desorption was reversible in one soil, but slightly hysteretic in the other soil. An air-flow incubation system was used to evaluate toluene volatilization and degradation. The primary fate of surface-applied toluene in both soils was volatilization. Toluene volatilization rates were independent of sludge treatments. Toluene degradation was negligible in all treatments because of rapid volatilization losses. Despite increased toluene adsorption in the presence of sludge and reduced volatilization in saturated soils, gaseous transfer dominated all soils and treatments so that no toluene remained after 10 d.
- Research Organization:
- New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM (United States). Dept. of Agronomy and Horticulture
- OSTI ID:
- 5479212
- Report Number(s):
- PB-91-177295/XAB
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v19 p573-579 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
SOILS
CONTAMINATION
TOLUENE
SOIL CHEMISTRY
ADSORPTION
AIR FLOW
DESORPTION
LAND POLLUTION
MUNICIPAL WASTES
SEWAGE SLUDGE
VOLATILITY
WASTE DISPOSAL
ALKYLATED AROMATICS
AROMATICS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BIOLOGICAL WASTES
CHEMISTRY
FLUID FLOW
GAS FLOW
HYDROCARBONS
MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
SEWAGE
SLUDGES
SORPTION
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTES
540220* - Environment
Terrestrial- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)