Characterization of cellulosic wastes and gasification products from chicken farms
- School of the Built Environment and the Built Environment Research Institute, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, County Antrim, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The gas chromatography indicated the variable quality of the producer gas. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The char had appreciable NPK values, and can be used as a fertiliser. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The bio-oil produced was of poor quality, having high moisture content and low pH. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Mass and energy balances showed inadequate level energy recovery from the process. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Future work includes changing the operating parameters of the gasification unit. - Abstract: The current article focuses on gasification as a primary disposal solution for cellulosic wastes derived from chicken farms, and the possibility to recover energy from this process. Wood shavings and chicken litter were characterized with a view to establishing their thermal parameters, compositional natures and calorific values. The main products obtained from the gasification of chicken litter, namely, producer gas, bio-oil and char, were also analysed in order to establish their potential as energy sources. The experimental protocol included bomb calorimetry, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC), thermo-gravimetric analyses (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, elemental analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), mineral content analyses and gas chromatography. The mass and energy balances of the gasification unit were also estimated. The results obtained confirmed that gasification is a viable method of chicken litter disposal. In addition to this, it is also possible to recover some energy from the process. However, energy content in the gas-phase was relatively low. This might be due to the low energy efficiency (19.6%) of the gasification unit, which could be improved by changing the operation parameters.
- OSTI ID:
- 21612958
- Journal Information:
- Waste Management, Vol. 32, Issue 4; Other Information: DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.09.024; PII: S0956-053X(11)00430-2; Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0956-053X
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
CALORIMETRY
CHARS
CHICKENS
COMBUSTION
ENERGY BALANCE
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENERGY RECOVERY
FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETERS
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GASIFICATION
INFRARED SPECTRA
MOISTURE
PH VALUE
PRODUCER GAS
PYROLYSIS
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
THERMAL GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WOOD
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
ANIMALS
BIRDS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COHERENT SCATTERING
DECOMPOSITION
DIFFRACTION
EFFICIENCY
ENERGY SOURCES
FLUIDS
FOWL
FUEL GAS
FUELS
GAS FUELS
GASES
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
LASER SPECTROSCOPY
LOW BTU GAS
MANAGEMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
OXIDATION
PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
SCATTERING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SPECTRA
SPECTROMETERS
SPECTROSCOPY
THERMAL ANALYSIS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
VERTEBRATES