RECORD-SETTING COSMIC-RAY INTENSITIES IN 2009 AND 2010

Journal Article · Mon Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2010 · Astrophysical Journal Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/723/1/L1· OSTI ID:21452719

Mewaldt, R A; Davis, A J; Leske, R A; Stone, E C; Cummings, A C; Labrador, A W ^[1]; Lave, K A; Binns, W R; Israel, M H ^[2]; Wiedenbeck, M E ^[3]; Christian, E R; De Nolfo, G A; Von Rosenvinge, T T ^[4]

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1. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States)
2. Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (United States)
3. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States)
4. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States)

We report measurements of record-setting intensities of cosmic-ray nuclei from C to Fe, made with the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer carried on the Advanced Composition Explorer in orbit about the inner Sun-Earth Lagrangian point. In the energy interval from {approx}70 to {approx}450 MeV nucleon{sup -1}, near the peak in the near-Earth cosmic-ray spectrum, the measured intensities of major species from C to Fe were each 20%-26% greater in late 2009 than in the 1997-1998 minimum and previous solar minima of the space age (1957-1997). The elevated intensities reported here and also at neutron monitor energies were undoubtedly due to several unusual aspects of the solar cycle 23/24 minimum, including record-low interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) intensities, an extended period of reduced IMF turbulence, reduced solar-wind dynamic pressure, and extremely low solar activity during an extended solar minimum. The estimated parallel diffusion coefficient for cosmic-ray transport based on measured solar-wind properties was 44% greater in 2009 than in the 1997-1998 solar-minimum period. In addition, the weaker IMF should result in higher cosmic-ray drift velocities. Cosmic-ray intensity variations at 1 AU are found to lag IMF variations by 2-3 solar rotations, indicating that significant solar modulation occurs inside {approx}20 AU, consistent with earlier galactic cosmic-ray radial-gradient measurements. In 2010, the intensities suddenly decreased to 1997 levels following increases in solar activity and in the inclination of the heliospheric current sheet. We describe the conditions that gave cosmic rays greater access to the inner solar system and discuss some of their implications.

• OSTI ID: 21452719
• Journal Information: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 723, Issue 1; Other Information: DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/723/1/L1; ISSN 2041-8205
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTROPHYSICS
COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY
COSMIC RADIATION
HELIOSPHERE
INCLINATION
INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELDS
NEUTRON MONITORS
SOLAR CYCLE
SOLAR SYSTEM
SOLAR WIND
SUN
TURBULENCE
ATMOSPHERES
IONIZING RADIATIONS
MAGNETIC FIELDS
MAIN SEQUENCE STARS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MONITORS
RADIATION MONITORS
RADIATIONS
SOLAR ACTIVITY
SOLAR ATMOSPHERE
STARS
STELLAR ACTIVITY
STELLAR ATMOSPHERES
STELLAR WINDS