Carbon dioxide and temperature effects on pima cotton development
- Mississippi State Univ., MS (United States)
Predicting plant responses to changing atmospheric CO{sub 2} and to the possible global warming are important concerns. Effects of CO{sub 2} on developmental events are poorly documented, as is the interaction of CO{sub 2} and other major climate variables on crop development. This experiment examines the effects of an altered CO{sub 2} environment and interactions of CO{sub 2} and temperature on pima cotton developmental rates. Pima cotton was grown from seed in sun-lit plant growth chambers. Air temperatures were controlled form 20/12 to 40/32{degrees}C (day/night) in 5-degree increments. Daytime CO{sub 2} was maintained at 350 or 700 {mu}L L{sup {minus}1}. In a second experiment, the temperature was maintained at 30/22{degrees}C day/night and the plants were grown in 350, 450, or 700 {mu}L L{sup {minus}1} CO{sub 2}. Rates of mainstem node formation and the time required to produce the first square and first flower were not sensitive to atmospheric CO{sub 2}, but were very sensitive to temperature. Prefruiting branch nodal positions required longer to develop than nodes with fruiting branches. Carbon dioxide levels did not affect the time required to produce nodes. Number of branches produced was sensitive to both temperature and CO{sub 2}. The larger number of bolls set on the lower branches of plants grown at high CO{sub 2} provided a larger sink for photosynthate than plants grown at low CO{sub 2} (possibly explaining reduction in number of fruit at the upper nodes of high-CO{sub 2}-grown plants). More bolls and squares were produced and retained on plants grown in high-CO{sub 2} environments, except that none were produced at 40/32{degrees}C. Results indicate high-temperature-tolerant cotton cultivars would be more productive in the present-day CO{sub 2} world, and they would be essential in the future if global temperature increases. 30 refs., 8 figs.
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 198244
- Journal Information:
- Agronomy Journal, Vol. 87, Issue 5; Other Information: PBD: Sep-Oct 1995
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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