Speciation Matters: Bioavailability of Silver and Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles to Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Stegemeier, John P.; Schwab, Fabienne; Colman, Benjamin P.; Webb, Samuel M.; Newville, Matthew; Lanzirotti, Antonio; Winkler, Christopher; Wiesner, Mark R.; Lowry, Gregory V.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01147

Title: Speciation Matters: Bioavailability of Silver and Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles to Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Journal Article · Wed Jun 24 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Environmental Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01147· OSTI ID:1240164

Stegemeier, John P. ^[1]; Schwab, Fabienne ^[2]; Colman, Benjamin P. ^[2]; Webb, Samuel M. ^[3]; Newville, Matthew ^[4]; Lanzirotti, Antonio ^[4]; Winkler, Christopher ^[5]; Wiesner, Mark R. ^[2]; Lowry, Gregory V. ^[2]

Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
Stanford Univ., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)

Terrestrial crops are directly exposed to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and their environmentally transformed analog silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag₂S-NPs) when wastewater treatment biosolids are applied as fertilizer to agricultural soils. This leads to a need to understand their bioavailability to plants. In the present study, the mechanisms of uptake and distribution of silver in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were quantified and visualized upon hydroponic exposure to Ag-NPs, Ag₂S-NPs, and AgNO₃ at 3 mg total Ag/L. Total silver uptake was measured in dried roots and shoots, and the spatial distribution of elements was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and synchrotron-based X-ray imaging techniques. Despite large differences in release of Ag⁺ ions from the particles, Ag-NPs, Ag₂S-NPs, and Ag⁺ became associated with plant roots to a similar degree, and exhibited similarly limited (<1%) amounts of translocation of silver into the shoot system. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping revealed differences in the distribution of Ag into roots for each treatment. Silver nanoparticles mainly accumulated in the (columella) border cells and elongation zone, whereas Ag⁺ accumulated more uniformly throughout the root. In contrast, Ag₂S-NPs remained largely adhered to the root exterior, and the presence of cytoplasmic nano-Si_xO_y aggregates was observed. Exclusively in roots exposed to particulate silver, NPs smaller than the originally dosed NPs were identified by TEM in the cell walls. Lastly, the apparent accumulation of Ag in the root apoplast determined by XRF, and the presence of small NPs in root cell walls suggests uptake of partially dissolved NPs and translocation along the apoplast.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USEPA

OSTI ID:: 1240164

Journal Information:: Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 49, Issue 14; ISSN 0013-936X

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

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Cited by: 78 works

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Title: Speciation Matters: Bioavailability of Silver and Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles to Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

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